施氮时期对库尔勒香梨坐果率、萼片发育过程中木质素积累的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application time on fruit setting rate and lignin accumulation during sepal development of Kuerlexiangli pear

作　　者：郭凯璐 王澜霏 余明杨 范玮璠 包建平[1,2,3] GUO Kailu;WANG Lanfei;YU Mingyang;FANWeifan;BAO Jianping(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Efficient and High-Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第3期568-576,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：兵团财政科技计划项目(2022CB001-11);国家自然科学基金项目(32360722)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究施氮时期对库尔勒香梨萼片脱落的影响,探讨氮素对库尔勒香梨萼片脱落的作用,从而筛选出促进库尔勒香梨萼片脱落的适宜施氮时期。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为试材,在不同生长阶段用尿素(0.24 kg·株^(-1))作为氮肥进行一次性施肥处理,调查不同处理的坐果率、脱萼率、萼筒氮素含量、萼筒木质素含量及相关合成酶(PAL、POD、PPO)活性。【结果】与对照相比,不同施氮时期的库尔勒香梨坐果率和脱萼率有显著差异。花芽膨大期(3月26日)施氮肥的坐果率最高,为35.30%,而未施肥的对照脱萼率最高,为50.50%。萼筒全氮含量呈先升后降的趋势。花芽膨大期(3月26日)施氮处理木质素含量最高,在盛花期宿萼木质素含量(w,后同)为115.64 mg·g^(-1)、脱萼为112.49 mg·g^(-1);盛花期后10 d宿萼木质素含量为125.73 mg·g^(-1)、脱萼为103.69 mg·g^(-1);不同施氮时期在盛花期和盛花期后10 d宿萼和脱萼萼筒的木质素含量与PAL、PPO活性均呈先升后降再上升再下降的变化趋势。【结论】在花芽膨大期施氮处理可以有效提高萼筒木质素含量,有利于库尔勒香梨坐果,不利于库尔勒香梨脱萼,反之不施氮肥有利于库尔勒香梨萼片的脱落。【Objective】Sepal shedding of Kuerlexiangli pear(Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd.)is a key factor in determining fruit quality and economic value.Nitrogen is an essential element for the growth of fruit trees,and has a profound influence on the growth and biochemical processes of fruit trees.However,there are limited studies on how the timing of N application affects sepal shedding in Kuerlexiangli pear.In this experiment,we used Kuerlexiangli pear trees as test materials to investigate the effects of nitrogen application times on the sepal shedding of Kuerlexiangli pear,so as to screen out the appropriate fertilization period for increasing the sepal shedding of Kuerlexiangli pear.【Methods】Four Kuerlexiangli pear plants with the same growth were set up in each treatment,and nitrogen fertilizer application(urea 0.24 kg per plant)was carried out at different stages,that is,dormancy 1(1 March),dormancy 2(15 March),flower bud expansion(26 March),large bud stage(1 April),and full blooming stage(10 April).The fruit set rate was assessed on 1 April,and calyx abscission rate was assessed on 10 May.In view of the fact that sepal abscission in young fruits of Kuerlexiangli pear occurs at the time of full blossom and sepals are completely abscissa 10 days after full blossom.The calyx samples of 5 treatments were collected before N application on the day of full bloom(10 April)and 10 days after full bloom(20 April).The collected samples were used for the determination of the lignin content and related enzyme activities.【Results】The fruit setting rate and calyx shedding rate between the nitrogen application periods and the control showed significant differences.The fruit setting rate and the calyx shedding rate of the different nitrogen application periods were also significantly different from those of the control.The highest fruit setting rate(35.30%)was observed when nitrogen fertilizer was applied during the flower bud expansion period(March 26),which was an increase of up to 6.95%compared with the control.In contr

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 施氮时期 坐果率 萼片脱落 木质素 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]