有核、无核沃柑落花落果期内源激素和矿质养分差异研究  

Differences in endogenous hormones levels and mineral nutrient contents between seedy and seedless Orah mandarins during the flower and fruit abscission stages

作　　者：董建梅 李晶[1] 杨笛 李进学 赖新朴 刘红明[1] 付小猛[1] 杨虹霞[1] 杜玉霞[1] DONG Jianmei;LI Jing;YANG Di;LI Jinxue;LAI Xinpu;LIU Hongming;FU Xiaomeng;YANGHongxia;DU Yuxia(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan,China;West Yunnan University,Lincang 677000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000 [2]滇西科技师范学院,云南临沧677000

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第3期617-628,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：云南省科技人才与平台计划(202205AD160055);现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26);云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划(202304BT090030-2);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1601807);德宏州“英才兴边计划”(2022RC006)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明有核沃柑和无核沃柑在落花落果期矿质养分和内源激素的含量变化,为沃柑保花保果提供理论支撑。【方法】以有核沃柑和无核沃柑为材料,从盛花期开始每10 d采集一次花、果和叶片,测定其矿质养分和内源激素的含量。【结果】无核沃柑叶片和果实的生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)含量在前期均低于有核沃柑,IAA含量在后期高于有核沃柑,第30天花果脱落酸(ABA)含量显著高于有核沃柑,第50天叶片和花果茉莉酸(JA-me)含量显著高于有核沃柑;无核沃柑春梢叶前期N、P、Mg含量低于有核沃柑,但后期高于有核沃柑,无核沃柑春梢叶的Ca含量较低,秋梢叶的Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量低于有核沃柑。【结论】无核沃柑落花落果是IAA、GA3含量低和ABA、JA-me含量高共同作用的结果,其矿质养分含量也有所差异。【Objective】The seedless Orah mandarin represents a novel cultivar derived from the seedy Orah mandarin via radiation-induced mutagenesis.This seedless variant exhibits a propensity for floral and fruit abscission,resulting in diminished yield during cultivation.The lack of clarity regarding the physiological alterations occurring throughout the flowering and fruiting phases of the seedless Orah mandarin complicates efforts to effectively preserve its flowers and fruits.This study sought to examine the variations in mineral nutrient and endogenous hormone contents between seedy and seedless Orah mandarins during the flowering and fruiting stages.Additionally,it aimed to identify the primary factors influencing flower and fruit drop in seedless Orah mandarins,with the objective of providing theoretical support for the protection of flowers and fruits in seedless Orah mandarins.【Methods】In this study,three-year-old Orah mandarin trees,both seedy and seedless,grafted onto Fragrant Citrus rootstocks,were utilized as experimental materials.Representative specimens exhibiting moderate and consistent tree size,growth vigor and flower amount were selected for analysis.Samples of flowers,fruits,spring leaves and fall leaves were collected at ten-day intervals commencing from the full bloom period.The spring and fall leaves were subsequently analyzed to determine their concentrations of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu)and zinc(Zn).Flowers,fruits and spring leaves were analyzed to determine the contents of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3),abscisic acid(ABA),zeaxanthin nucleoside(ZR)and jasmonic acid(JA-me).Subsequently,a correlation analysis was conducted.【Results】IAA content in seedless Orah mandarin leaves was significantly lower than that in seedy Orah mandarin leaves from 20 to 30 days post-flowering.Similarly,the IAA content in seedless Orah mandarin flowers and fruits were lower than those in seedy Orah mandarins from 10 to 40 days post-flowering,

关 键 词：有核沃柑 无核沃柑 内源激素 矿质养分 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]