环境因子和苹果品种对Alternaria mali强弱毒菌株致病活性的影响  

Effect of environmental factors and apple varieties on the pathogenic activity of virulent and attenuated Alternaria mali strains

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作  者:陈星旭 钟小刚 贾许丽 徐秉良 张树武 CHEN Xingxu;ZHONG Xiaogang;JIA Xuli;XU Bingliang;ZHANG Shuwu(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University/Biological Control Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests in Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区:[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院·甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,兰州730070

出  处:《果树学报》2025年第3期643-650,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基  金:甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFNA0020);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA045);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1401400);甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才培育计划”项目(Gaufx-03J03);兰州市科技计划项目(2021-1-39)。

摘  要:【目的】明确不同环境因子(温度、相对湿度、光照)和苹果品种对Alternaria mali强弱毒菌株致病活性的影响。【方法】采用喷雾接种法评价不同环境因子和苹果品种对A.mali强弱毒菌株致病活性的影响。【结果】不同温度、相对湿度和光照条件对A.mali强弱毒菌株致病活性均产生了不同程度的影响,整体程度上强毒菌株的潜育期短于弱毒菌株,发病程度高于弱毒菌株。在不同温度条件下,当温度为30℃时,A.mali强弱毒菌株潜育期均最短,分别为54 h和72 h;A.mali强毒菌株在温度为25℃时致病活性最强,病情指数为23.06,而弱毒菌株在30℃时致病活性最强,病情指数为17.53,但是当温度为15℃时,A.mali强弱毒菌株潜育期最长,均大于100 h,并在此温度下叶片发病最轻,其病情指数分别为5.86和8.42。在不同湿度条件下,当相对湿度为60%时,A.mali强弱毒菌株潜育期均最长,为120 h,并且在此湿度条件下叶片的发病程度最轻,病情指数分别为10.88和9.42,而当相对湿度达到100%时,强弱毒菌株潜育期最短,均为72 h。在不同光照条件下,A.mali强弱毒菌株均在光暗交替、紫外照射+持续光照条件下潜育期最短,其中强毒菌株在光暗交替、紫外照射+持续光照条件下潜育期均为60 h,而弱毒菌株在此条件下均为72 h,但是在光暗交替条件下,强毒菌株病情指数最高,为22.59,而在紫外照射+持续光照下,弱毒菌株病情指数最高,为21.24。此外,A.mali强弱毒菌株对不同苹果品种的致病活性存在显著差异,其中强弱毒菌株对富士和新红星品种致病性较弱,而对金冠致病性最强。【结论】不同环境因子和苹果品种对A.mali强弱毒菌株致病活性具有显著影响,研究结果可为苹果早期落叶病科学防治提供理论依据。【Objective】The apple early leaf blight disease is one of the major diseases caused by the pathogen of Alternaria mali,which has widely distributed in the main apple-producing regions worldwide and posed a serious threat to both the yield and quality of apple.This disease is caused by A.mali strains with varying degrees of virulence.Virulent A.mali strain leads to spot leaf blight disease,which affects leaves and younger shoots,influencing the growth of flower buds and fruit.Attenuated A.mali strain causes the target spot disease,which mainly affects the leaves and results in large lesions on the fruit.Environmental factors,especially temperature and humidity,play the significant role in impacting the disease occurrence.The aims for the present study were to clarify the effects of different environmental factors(temperature,relative humidity and light conditions)and apple cultivars on the latent period and pathogenicity of both virulent and attenuated A.mali strains.【Methods】In this study,the spray inoculation method was used to evaluate the effects of different environmental factors and apple varieties on the pathogenic activity of virulent and attenuated strains of A.mali.Healthy apple branches with consistent growth and diameter were collected and placed into sterile flasks containing sterile water,with five branches per flask.The virulent and attenuated strains of A.mali were inoculated by spraying spore suspensions(1×105 conidia·mL-1)onto the front and back of leaves growing on the branches,with sterile water as the control.In the temperature experiment,the treatment and control groups were cultured with a relative humidity of 90%and at temperatures of 15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃and 35℃(16 h light/8 h dark),with three repetitions for each group.In the humidity experiment,the inoculated branches were cultured at 25℃under 16 h light/8 h dark conditions,and the relative humidity was adjusted by modifying the concentration of H2SO4 to 60%,70%,80%,90%and 100%.In the light condition experiment,the inocula

关 键 词:苹果叶斑病 Alternaria mali 强弱毒菌株 潜育期 致病性 

分 类 号:S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S436.611[农业科学—园艺学]

 

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