新疆乡土苹果早熟品种夏立蒙的选育  

Breeding report of a native early-maturing apple variety Xialimeng in Xinjiang

作　　者：郭靖[1,2] 包安明[1,3] 刘豫新 杨晶 陆彪 韩政伟 王岩[5] 王宝庆 GUO Jing;BAO Anming;LIU Yuxin;YANG Jing;LU Biao;HAN Zhengwei;WANG Yan;WANG Baoqing(Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830092,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Branch Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Tex County Forestry Technology Extension Station,Tex 835500,Xinjiang,China;Walnut,Jujube National Improved Seed Base of Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Jiamu Test Station,Xinjiang Jiamu Pomology National long-term Scientific Research Base,Wensu 843101,Xinjiang,China;Aksu National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem,Wensu 843101,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐830092 [3]中国科学院新疆分院,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]特克斯县林业技术推广站,新疆特克斯835500 [5]新疆林科院佳木试验站核桃、枣国家良种基地、新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆温宿843101 [6]新疆阿克苏森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,新疆温宿843101

出　　处：《果树学报》2025年第3期662-667,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：2023年度第二批重点研发专项——厅厅联动、厅地联动农业农村领域项目(2023B02026)。

摘　　要：夏立蒙是在新疆伊犁州发现的通过无性繁殖经7 a(年)区域试验确定的乡土早熟品种,其亲本不详。果实呈圆形、扁圆形或短圆柱形,表皮光滑,呈黄绿色,果肉黄白色,肉质较硬且紧实,散发浓郁且持久的香气,口感甜酸适宜,平均单果质量110 g,果形指数为0.88;可溶性糖含量(w,后同)5.04%,可溶性固形物含量12.9%,总酸含量1.38 mg·g^(-1),维生素C含量4.25 mg·100 g^(-1),果实内含有20种主要香气挥发物成分。枝条萌芽力和成枝力中等。果实生育期为110~120 d,在北疆于7月底至8月上旬成熟,较不耐贮藏,常温下可存放数日,采收后须及时放置冷库贮藏。该品种耐瘠薄、适应性好、抗寒能力强,在北疆可安全过冬。北疆的苹果种植区均可栽培,丰产期每666.7 m^(2)的产量可以达到2500 kg。Xialimeng is a native cold-resistant and early-maturing variety in Yili Prefecture,the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,but its parents are unknown.It has been cultivated in Yili River basin,Tacheng,Changji and other areas for decades.Since 2006,through the continuous observation on Xialimeng it has been found that it is early-maturing with strong aroma,high yield,strong cold resistance and stable characteristics,which has the value for popularization.Then regional experiments were carried out on the basis of existing orchards to evaluate its adaptability.For seven years,in Tekes county,Tacheng City and Qitai county,the district tests were conducted by transplanting seedlings or tree grafting from 2015 to 2017,and the meticulous records were kept of the phenology,biological traits,fruit quality and cultivation techniques of this variety.The findings revealed that the biological properties of this variety were stable and suitable for promotion,thus leading to its eventual approval in 2023.The variety is a moderate tree,its crown is medium-sized and semicircle,the color of the tree is yellowishbrown,and the tree is thick and strong.The shoot has short internode.Leaf is large,oval or nearly round.Its young trees thrive vigorously,the seedling height at the grafted year is 1.0-1.2 m,and the grafted union diameter can reach up to 8.5 cm.Its fruit is medium in size,flat,round or cylindrical in shape,with a yellow-green surface,long and thick stem,a pit of rust and yellow white flesh,hard,compact,rich aroma,as well as sweet and sour flavor.The average fruit mass is 110 g,and maximum fruit mass is 118 g,with 5 cm longitudinal diameter and 5.7 cm transverse diameter.In Xialimeng fruit,20 aroma volatile compounds were detected,comprising 10 esters,2 aldehydes,3 alcohols,2 ketones and 3 other types,and the characteristic aroma components were detected,such as Butyl 2-methylbutyrate,E-2-octenal,1-hexanol and 2-methylbutyrate hexyl ester.The first three of these components were called“fruit aroma”,and the latter is“fles

关 键 词：苹果 乡土品种 夏立蒙 早熟 香气浓郁 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]