亚低温下根灌HIDS和喷施EBR对番茄生长和生理的影响  

Effects of Root Application of HIDS and Foliar Spraying of EBR on Tomato Growth and Physiology under Suboptimal Temperature

作　　者：李焯 庄琪 罗亚兰 李海平[1] 李灵芝[1] 郭绪虎 LI Zhuo;ZHUANG Qi;LUO Ya-lan;LI Hai-ping;LI Ling-zhi;GUO Xu-hu(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;School of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,太谷030801 [2]山西大同大学农学与生命科学学院,大同037009

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2025年第3期362-371,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0462)。

摘　　要：番茄对低温敏感,近年来频繁出现的长时间亚低温胁迫给番茄生产带来了诸多危害。试验以番茄‘园帅1号’为试材,在人工气候室中设置7个处理:常温处理(昼/夜25/16±1℃),为常温对照(CK);亚低温处理(昼/夜16/8±1℃)包括:亚低温胁迫对照(CKL),喷施EBR(EBR)、根灌5mL·L^(−1)HIDS(H1)、根灌15mL·L^(−1)HIDS(H2)、5mL·L^(−1)HIDS与EBR配施(E+H1)、15mL·L^(−1)HIDS与EBR配施(E+H2),研究苗期亚低温下根灌HIDS(脲基二琥珀酸四钠)和喷施EBR(表芸苔素内酯)对番茄生长、光合以及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:亚低温胁迫抑制番茄的生长,植株矮小、光合能力减弱、产量和品质降低。在亚低温条件下单独进行叶面喷施EBR(EBR)处理后,番茄茎粗增加、净光合速率(Pn)提高、果实数量比CKL显著增加了21.48%。亚低温条件下在营养液中加入5mL·L^(−1)HIDS(H1)处理后,相比于CKL,番茄各生长指标均呈上升趋势,光合色素含量和Pn升高,产量提高,果实可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、还原型Vc和游离氨基酸含量增加;若此时同时进行叶面喷施EBR(E+H1)处理,番茄叶面积显著增加了52.63%。亚低温条件下在营养液中加入15mL·L^(−1)HIDS(H2)处理后,番茄生长指标、光合能力、果实产量与品质均有增长;若此时同时进行叶面喷施EBR(E+H2)处理,茎粗比CKL增加了19.04%,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量增加,果实产量显著提升了22.23%,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和还原型Vc含量增加。因此,苗期亚低温下HIDS和EBR单施或者配施,番茄生长指标均呈上升趋势,茎粗增加,节间长度缩短,叶面积增加,Pn增加,果实产量品质提高,其中根灌15mL·L^(−1)HIDS和喷施EBR(E+H2)效果最优。Tomatoes are sensitive to low temperatures.The frequent occurrence of prolonged suboptimal temperature stress in recent years has posed significant threats to tomato production.To mitigate these effects,an experiment was conducted using the tomato variety‘Yuanshuai No.1’in a controlled climate chamber.Seven treatments were set up:normal temperature(day/night 25/16±1℃),which was the normal temperature control(CK);suboptimal temperature(day/night 16/8±1℃),which was the suboptimal temperature control(CKL),foliar spraying of EBR which was EBR treatment,root application of 5mL·L^(−1)HIDS which was H1 treatment,root application of 15mL·L^(−1)HIDS which was H2 treatment,combined application of 5mL·L^(−1)HIDS and EBR which was E+H1 treatment, and combined application of 15mL·L^(−1)HIDS and EBR which was E+H2 treatment. The effects of root application of HIDS and foliar spraying of EBR (brassinolide) on tomato growth, photosynthesis, yield, and quality under suboptimal temperature during the seedling stage were studied. The results showed that suboptimal temperature inhibited tomato growth, leading to shorter plants, reduced photosynthetic capacity, and lower yield and quality. Under suboptimal temperature, the EBR treatment alone increased stem diameter, improved net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and significantly increased the number of fruits by 21.48% compared to CKL. With the addition of 5mL·L^(−1) HIDS (H1) to the nutrient solution under suboptimal temperature, all growth indicators of tomato showed an upward trend compared to CKL, with increased photosynthetic pigment content and Pn, improved yield, and higher contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, reduced Vc, and free amino acids. When foliar spraying of EBR was combined with H1 (E+H1), the leaf area of tomatoes increased significantly by 52.63%. With the addition of 15mL·L^(−1) HIDS (H2) under suboptimal temperature, there were improvements in growth indicators, photosynthetic capacity, fruit yield, and quality. When EBR was also appl

关 键 词：番茄 亚低温 HIDS 芸苔素内酯 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]