钾肥施用量对春玉米光合效应的影响  

Effect of Potassium Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Effect of Spring Maize

作　　者：洪自强 张正珍 苏明 周甜 李翻过 谭晓敏 吴宏亮[1] 康建宏[1] HONG Zi-qiang;ZHANG Zheng-zhen;SU Ming;ZHOU Tian;LI Fan-guo;TAN Xiao-min;WU Hong-liang;KANG Jian-hong(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Seed Workstation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan 750001)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏回族自治区种子工作站,银川750001

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2025年第3期384-397,共14页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：宁夏高质量发展与生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB−2021−3−02);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03072);宁夏区重点研发项目(2019BBF02003);宁夏粮食作物种质创制与生长调控科技创新团队(2022BSB03109)。

摘　　要：2022年和2023年在宁夏引黄灌区分别开展春玉米大田试验,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置0、60、120、180、240和300kg·hm^(−2)共6个施钾水平,分别记为K0、K1、K2、K3、K4和K5,分析不同钾肥处理春玉米叶片光合参数的变化规律、灌浆特性与产量的相互关系,研究滴灌水肥一体化下不同施钾量对春玉米光合生理特性、灌浆特性及产量的影响,明确在滴灌水肥一体化技术下春玉米的最佳施钾量。结果表明:春玉米花前(V6-R1)光合势(LAD)占全生育LAD约20%,花后(R1−R6)LAD占全生育期的80%,春玉米物质积累主要发生在花后。春玉米叶片净光合速率(Pn)均在R1期达到最大峰值,K3处理相较于K0处理显著提高18.00%。2022年和2023年K3处理籽粒最大生长量(Wmax)达到最大,相较于其他处理分别高4.83%~11.41%和4.82%~6.89%。此外,K3处理籽粒灌浆持续天数(T)和灌浆活跃生长期(P)均达到最大。随着施钾量的增加,玉米产量均呈先增后减的趋势,K3处理产量最大,2022年和2023年分别为14767kg·hm^(−2)和14964kg·hm^(−2)。Pearson相关性分析表明,光合势、气孔导度与产量存在极显著正相关关系,Pn、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、Wmax和P均与产量存在显著相关关系;主成分分析表明,K3处理对玉米产量优化效果综合得分最高。说明合理施用钾肥能有效保证春玉米光合作用,延长灌浆和灌浆速率最大的持续时间,增加灌浆速率最大时的生长量,提高最大灌浆速率,促进物质的转化,从而提高春玉米产量。Spring maize field trials were conducted in 2022 and 2023 in the Yinhuang Irrigation District of Ningxia,respectively,using a one-way randomized block design with a total of six potassium application levels of 0,60,120,180,240 and 300kg·ha−1,which were recorded as K0,K1,K2,K3,K4 and K5,respectively.To analyze the change rule of photosynthetic parameters of spring maize leaves,the interrelationship between filling characteristics and yield under different potassium fertilizer treatments,to study the effects of different potassium application rates on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics,filling characteristics and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation and water−fertilizer integration,and to clarify the optimal potassium application rate for spring maize under drip irrigation and water−fertilizer integration technology.The results showed that the photosynthetic potential(LAD)of spring maize before flowering(V6-R1)accounted for about 20%of the whole reproductive LAD,and the post-flowering(R1−R6)LAD accounted for 80%of the whole reproductive LAD,and the accumulation of spring maize substances mainly occurred after flowering.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of spring maize leaves all reached the maximum peak in the R1 stage,and the K3 treatment significantly increased by 18.00%compared with the K0 treatment.Maximum grain growth(Wmax)reached maximum in 2022 and 2023 in K3 treatment,which was 4.83%to 11.41%and 4.82%to 6.89%higher compared to other treatments,respectively.In addition,the number of days of grain filling duration(T)and the period of active filling were both maximized(P)in the K3 treatment.With the increase of potassium application,the maize yields all showed an increasing and then decreasing trend,and the K3 treatment had the largest yield,which was 14767kg·ha−1 and 14964kg·ha−1 in 2022 and 2023,respectively.Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there were highly significant positive correlations between photosynthetic potential,stomatal conductance and yield,and signifi

关 键 词：春玉米 施钾量 光合势 光合参数 灌浆特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]