氮肥追施次数对膜下滴灌棉田供氮能力和棉花产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen top dressing frequency on soil nitrogen supply capacity and yield in cotton field under drip irrigation with plastic-film mulching

作　　者：吴晓芊 殷昊 张宸 罗宇 周乐儒 吴玉雯 张俊 王娟红 车庆轩 马悦 陈波浪[1,2] Wu Xiaoqian;Yin Hao;Zhang Chen;Luo Yu;Zhou Leru;Wu Yuwen;Zhang Jun;Wang Juanhong;Che Qingxuan;Ma Yue;Chen Bolang(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花学报》2025年第1期25-37,共13页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD190010202);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0085);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2022B02033-1);新疆维吾尔自治区杰出青年项目“供磷强度和根系空间协同调控根际过程提高棉花磷效率的机制”;国家自然科学基金(32360793,31960629);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02007)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究氮肥随水滴施次数对新疆南疆棉田土壤氮素含量和棉花产量的影响,为氮肥的合理施用提供参考。【方法】2021―2022年,在新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县开展田间试验。在施肥总量(纯氮总用量为300 kg·hm^(-2),20%基施,80%随水追施)相同的情况下,设置4个氮肥追施次数处理(4、6、8和10,分别记作N4、N6、N8和N10)。分析不同处理对棉田土壤全氮与碱解氮含量、棉花干物质质量与氮素含量,棉花产量和氮肥偏生产力的影响。【结果】随着生育进程推进,不同处理对棉田土壤氮素含量的影响发生变化。N10处理下土壤全氮和碱解氮在棉花苗期、盛铃期和吐絮期供给较足,但不利于蕾期和盛花期的氮素供给,而N8处理下棉花全生育期土壤全氮和碱解氮含量均维持在较高水平。N8处理下,2022年棉株、营养器官和生殖器官的干物质及氮素的最大积累速率最高;2021年生殖器官的氮素最大积累速率最高;2021年和2022年棉株、营养器官和生殖器官的干物质质量及氮素含量均较高。随氮肥追施次数增加,籽棉产量和氮肥偏生产力呈先升高后降低的趋势,N8处理的最高。2021年和2022年,N8处理的籽棉产量较其他处理分别增加3.3%~39.2%和13.3%~72.8%,氮肥偏生产力的变化幅度与之一致。【结论】在南疆棉田水肥一体化模式下,氮肥随水追施8次利于保障棉田土壤氮素供给,可促进棉花干物质和氮素积累,从而提高棉花产量和氮肥偏生产率。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the effects of nitrogen(N)fertilizer top dressing frequency under drip irrigation on soil N content and cotton yield in southern Xinjiang,and to provide references for the rational N application.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted in Xayar County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang,from 2021 to 2022.With the same total amount of pure N applied(300 kg·hm^(-2),20%basal application,and 80%top dressing with water),four treatments of N fertilizer top dressing frequency were set up(4,6,8,and 10;recorded as N4,N6,N8,and N10,respectively).The effects of different treatments on soil total N content and alkali-hydrolyzable N content in the cotton field,cotton dry matter mass and N content,cotton yield,and N partial productivity were analyzed.[Results]The effects of different treatments on soil N content in cotton field changed with cotton growth process.The soil total N and alkali-hydrolyzable N supply under N10 were relatively sufficient at the seedling stage,peak boll-setting stage,and boll opening stage,but was unfavorable to N supply at the squaring stage and peak flowering stage.Whereas soil total N and alkali-hydrolyzable N content were maintained at a higher level during the whole growth stage of cotton under N8.Also under N8,the maximum accumulation rate of dry matter and nitrogen in cotton plants,vegetative organs,and reproductive organs were the highest in 2022;the maximum accumulation rate of N in reproductive organs was the highest in 2021;the dry matter mass and N content of cotton plants,vegetative organs,and reproductive organs were relatively higher in 2021 and 2022.With the increase of N fertilizer top dressing frequency,seed cotton yield and N partial productivity increased firstly and then decreased,and all the highest ones were under N8.Compared with other treatments,seed cotton yield under N8 increased by 3.3%-39.2%and 13.3%-72.8%in 2021 and 2022,respectively;N partial productivity showed the same change range.[Conclusion]Under the water and fertilizer integration

关 键 词：棉花 氮肥 追施次数 干物质积累 氮素积累 产量 氮肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]