论“国家尊重和保障人权”原则在司法裁判中的运用  

On the Application of the Principle of“the State Respects and Safeguards Human Rights”in Judicial Adjudication

作　　者：刘红春[1,2] 孙映雪[1] Liu Hongchun;Sun Yingxue

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院 [2]云南大学人权法研究中心

出　　处：《人权研究》2025年第1期30-53,共24页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：“国家尊重和保障人权”原则在司法裁判中呈现出样本文书基层化与大众化、援引频率由高涨到紧缩、主要运用于民事案件且用以支撑的权利类型广泛多样等分布样态。深入样本文书内容,基于文本结构与形式以及运用模式与功能对其进行类型化分析,发现法院在司法裁判中运用“国家尊重和保障人权”原则时,不同程度地存在对当事人回应不充分、文本不规范、功能认知不清晰、说理论证不翔实等问题,由此造成了宪法司法实施、人权司法保障层面的部分困境,如难以为民事案件中当事人的程序主体权提供充分保障,阻碍全社会尊重宪法文本文化的塑造,加剧司法裁判过程中权利保护的不确定性风险,无法突破法院合宪性解释的局限性等。通过从规范制定、案例发布等技术层面加强对法院援引人权条款的指引,明确法院以功能区分为基础的类型化援引条件,增强法院对当事人援引人权条款的回应力度与能力,能够加强法院援引人权条款的规范性,在国家司法权运行中提升人权条款的社会实效性,凝聚起全社会尊重和保障人权的宪法共识。The principle of“the state respects and protects human rights”manifests in judicial adjudication through grassroots and popularized sample documents,fluctuating citation frequencies(from surge to tightening),and predominant application in civil cases supporting diverse rights types.Through typological analysis of sample documents based on textual structures,forms,application patterns,and functions,this study reveals various deficiencies in courts’application of this constitutional principle:inadequate responses to parties,non-standard documentation,ambiguous functional cognition,and insufficient argumentation.These deficiencies have further caused the predicament of judicial implementation of the Constitution and judicial protection of human rights,including inadequate protection of procedural subject rights in civil cases,hindered cultivation of the culture of respecting the text of the Constitution by all members of society,amplified uncertainty in rights protection in the process of judicial decision,and limitations in courts’constitutional interpretation.By strengthening the guidance to courts on the invocation of the human rights clause through technical means such as setting norms and publishing cases,clarifying the conditions for courts to invoke the human rights clause on the basis of a typology based on functional zoning,and enhancing the strength and capacity of courts to respond to the human rights clause invoked by parties,it is possible to strengthen the normative application of the human rights clause,enhance the social effectiveness of the human rights clause in the operation of the state’s judicial power,and build up a constitutional consensus in society as a whole to respect and protect human rights.

关 键 词：人权条款 宪法实施 人权司法保障 国家尊重和保障人权原则 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D926[政治法律—法学]