《神农本草经》与经方应用之大枣篇  

Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and Dazao(Jujubae Fructus)in Application of Classic Formulas

作　　者：吴苏果 彭雪 阳伟红 杨向军 刘军舰 尤旭颖 白湘玉 袁红霞 WU Suguo;PENG Xue;YANG Weihong;YANG Xiangjun;LIU Junjian;YOU Xuying;BAI Xiangyu;YUAN Hongxia(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;College of Acupuncture,Moxibustion and Tuina,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;Fengde Caotang Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tongwei County,Dingxi 743300,China;Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Tianjin 300100,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学中医学院,天津301617 [2]天津中医药大学针灸推拿学院,天津301617 [3]通渭县奉德草堂中医馆,甘肃定西743300 [4]天津市中西医结合医院,天津300100

出　　处：《山东中医药大学学报》2025年第2期189-195,共7页Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：天津市教委社会科学重大项目(编号:2021JWZD23);天津市科技计划项目(编号:22KPHDRC00320、21JCZDJC01150)。

摘　　要：大枣于《神农本草经》中位列上品:“主心腹邪气,安中养脾,助十二经,平胃气,通九窍,补少气,少津液,身中不足,大惊,四肢重,和百药。”笔者以《神农本草经》为耳目,汇总含大枣经方,分析发现大枣主心腹邪气,多配伍茯苓、桂枝,如苓桂枣甘汤;主安中养脾、身中不足、少气与桂枝配伍,如桂枝汤;少津液主与白芍配伍,如黄芩汤;主助十二经、四肢重,常与当归、细辛配伍,如当归四逆汤;主平胃气、通九窍,以麦门冬汤为代表方;主大惊代表方为甘麦大枣汤;主和百药,常与附子、半夏配伍,如附子粳米汤。除此之外,张仲景用大枣另有发挥,如以十枣汤治疗悬饮、以橘皮竹茹汤治哕逆;对于“咳”“胸腹满“”痰涎阻滞”等情况慎用大枣。笔者综合归纳《神农本草经》大枣功效与经方应用,结合袁红霞教授临床经验,探讨大枣的用药法度。Dazao(Jujubae Fructus)is ranked among the top grade in the Shennong’s Classic of Medica:“Dazao is mainly used to relieve patho-genic qi in heart and abdomen,to harmonize the middle,to nourish spleen,to assist twelve meridians,to pacify stomach qi,to disinhibit nine orifices,to improve insufficiency of qi,fluid and energy in the body,to treat severe fright disorder and heaviness of the four limbs,and to regulate all medicinals.”The author summarized the classic formulas containing Dazao and found that Dazao is mainly combined with Fuling(Poria)and Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)to relieve pathogenic qi in heart and abdomen,represented by Linggui Zaogan Decoction(苓桂枣甘汤).It is mainly combined with Guizhi to harmonize the middle,nourish spleen,improve insufficiency of qi and energy in the body,represented by Guizhi Decoction(桂枝汤).Dazao is combined with Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba)to improve insufficiency of fluid,represented by Huangqin Decoction(黄芩汤).Dazao might be combined with Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)and Xixin(Asari Radix Et Rhizaoma)to assist twelve meridians and treat heaviness of the four limbs,represented by Danggui Sini Decoction(当归四逆汤).Dazao can be used to pacify stomach qi and disinhibit nine orifices,represented by Maimendong Decoction(麦门冬汤),and can be used to treat severe fright disorder,represented by Ganmai Dazao Decoction(甘麦大枣汤).Dazao is mainly combined with Fuzi(Aconti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia)and Banxia(Pinelliae Rhizoma)to regulate all medicinals,represented by Fuzi Jingmi Decoction(附子粳米汤).In addition,ZHANG Zhongjing also has new development in the use of Dazao.For example,Shizao Decoction(十枣汤)can be used to treat pleural fluid retention,and Jupi Zhuru Decoction(橘皮竹茹汤)can be used to treat hiccup.Dazao should be used with caution in the treatment of cough,fullness of chest and abdomen,phlegm and fluid retention obstruction.The author summarized the efficacy of Dazao in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and

关 键 词：《神农本草经》 《伤寒杂病论》 大枣 心腹邪气 安中养脾 大惊 和百药 

分 类 号：R289[医药卫生—方剂学]