从异化劳动到人的解放——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的一个考察  

From Alienated Labor to Human Emancipation--An Examination Based on Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

作　　者：曹胜亮 张文强 CAO Shengliang;ZHANG Wenqiang(School of Marxism,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《湖北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期30-38,共9页Journal of Hubei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“党建引领乡村治理法治化水平提升研究”(23BDJ013)。

摘　　要：在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思从现有的国民经济事实出发,洞察到人在资本主义社会中的异化状态,阐释了异化劳动的四重规定。他借助费尔巴哈的感性原则批判了黑格尔哲学中的自我意识,他将对象性活动看作是人的本质,并由此揭示了私有财产的主体本质。同时,马克思反对将扬弃仅视为思维范围内的活动,他将对私有财产的扬弃作为实现人的解放的关键,将人的感觉的全面解放作为实现人的解放的重要表现。基于对私有财产主体本质的科学认识,马克思批判了当时各种虚假的共产主义思想,开启了真正的人类解放之路。把握从异化劳动到人的解放的总体线索,有助于我们科学认识《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的主题思想与理论价值。In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Marx,starting from the existing facts of the national economy,gained insights into the alienated state of man in the capitalist society and expounded the fourfold provisions of alienated labor.He criticized the self-consciousness in Hegel’s philosophy with the help of Feuerbach’s principle of sensibility.He regarded objective activity as the essence of man and thus revealed the subjective nature of private property.At the same time,Marx did not regard abandonment as an activity only within the scope of thinking.He took the abandonment of private property as the key to the realization of human emancipation and the comprehensive emancipation of human senses as an important manifestation.Based on his scientific understanding of the nature of the subject of private property,Marx criticized all kinds of false communist ideas at that time and opened up the road to true human emancipation.Grasping the general clue from alienated labor to human emancipation helps us to properly understand the subject idea and theoretical value of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844.

关 键 词：异化劳动 对象性活动 私有财产 共产主义 

分 类 号：A1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]