自主人工智能侵权责任的模式厘定及平衡测试  

Model Determination and Balance Test for Tort Liability of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：夏庆锋[1] Xia Qingfeng(Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学法学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期61-68,共8页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重大项目(2023AH040005)。

摘　　要：人工智能包括自动人工智能与自主人工智能两大类。对于自主人工智能侵权责任的认定较为复杂,包括严格责任、自己责任与雇主责任三种模式。具体而言,严格责任要求自主人工智能的创造者承担完全责任,而不管其与人工智能的侵权行为之间是否存在因果关系;自己责任承认自主人工智能具备独立法律人格,需利用自有财产对损害承担责任;雇主责任观照到人类主体的获利事实,要求创造者与使用者作为雇主,对自主人工智能“雇员”的侵权行为进行赔偿。三种模式各具优势,也存在无法忽视的弊端,自主人工智能侵权责任的承担应当以造成的损害后果是否可预见为指标,也包括为阻止损害发生而采取的技术预防措施。此外,还需考虑自主人工智能接受创造者或使用者的训练时间与强度,以及行业习惯和环境是否对其产生影响等因素,综合认定自主人工智能的侵权责任。Artificial intelligence can be divided into two categories:automatic AI and autonomous AI.The determination of liability for infringements by autonomous AI is relatively complex,encompassing three models:strict liability,self-liability,and employer liability.Specifically,strict liability requires the creator of autonomous AI to bear full responsibility,regardless of whether there is a causal relationship between them and the AI’s infringing behavior;self-liability recognizes that autonomous AI has an independent legal personality and must bear responsibility for damages using its own assets;and employer liability takes into account the profit-making fact of human subjects,requiring creators and users,as employers,to compensate for infringements committed by their“employee”autonomous AI.Each of these three models has its advantages,but also drawbacks that cannot be ignored.The assumption of liability for infringements by autonomous AI should be based on whether the consequential damages are foreseeable,as well as the technical preventive measures taken to prevent the occurrence of damage.In addition,consideration should also be given to factors such as the duration and intensity of training received by the autonomous AI from its creator or user,and whether industry practices and the environment have had an impact on it,in order to comprehensively determine the liability for infringements by autonomous AI.

关 键 词：自主人工智能 严格责任 自己责任 雇主责任 平衡测试 

分 类 号：D923.99[政治法律—民商法学]