数字资本主义下的数据幻象:表现形式、主要影响与消解进路  

Data Illusion of Digital Capitalism:Manifestations,Impacts and Approaches to Dissolution

作　　者：王卫华 宁殿霞 WANG Weihua;NING Dianxia

机构地区：[1]九江学院社会系统学研究中心,江西九江332005 [2]西北工业大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《西南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期81-92,302,共13页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“人工智能的资本逻辑批判及其中国应对研究”(24YJA710047),项目负责人:王卫华;江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目“中国式现代化理论深度融入‘大思政课’的探索与实践研究”(SZZX23014),项目负责人:王卫华。

摘　　要：数据幻象是指在数字资本主义社会中人们脱离数据背后承载的实体性构成、数字资本生成的劳动关系,在观念形态中通过主观感觉、联想、想象等形式使人产生对数据的意向性存在。它根植于数字资本主义中的大数据、数据商品、数字资本共同支撑起来的数字生产关系,并通过数据符号的实体化、主体化、神圣化、幽灵化等形式表现出来。数据幻象实质上是人的精神异化现象。在这一幻象作用下,人的物体身份与数字身份颠倒,主体陷入西式民主幻象;数字劳动者享受“自我剥削”快感,主体陷入自由幻象;真实需求与虚假需求颠倒,主体陷入虚假需求幻象。只有经由数字资本增殖逻辑与大数据意识形态双重批判,把大数据和数字资本创造的诸多成果统摄到人类历史文明进步的坐标中加以批判性审视,并将其置于人类感性对象性活动中加以批判性改造与重构,使其最终成为推动人类历史进步的感性力量,才能破除数据幻象,逐步把人从精神异化的状态下解放出来,使数据从服务于数字资本增殖转向服务于人的全面发展。在当下,这对数据要素赋能新质生产力发展,推进数字中国建设具有重大现实意义。Data illusion refers to a phenomenon in the digital capitalist society where people,detached from the physical composition behind data and the labor relations generated by digital capital,construct an intentional existence of data in consciousness through subjective perceptions,associations,and imaginations.It is rooted in the digital production relations supported by big data,data commodities,and digital capital in digital capitalism,and is manifested through the materialization,subjectification,sacralization,and spectralization of data symbols.The data illusion is essentially a phenomenon of human spiritual alienation.Under illusionist influence,human physical and digital identities are reversed,leading subjects fall into the illusion of Western-style democracy.Digital workers derive pleasure from“self-exploitation”,trapping them in the illusion of freedom;Additionally,the real demand and the false demand are reversed,and the subject falls into the illusion of false demand.Only through a dual critique of the logic of digital capital accumulation and the ideology of big data can the numerous achievements created by big data and digital capital be critically examined in the coordinates of human historical and civilizational progress.These achievements must then be integrated into human perceptual object activities for critical transformation and reconstruction,ultimately becoming a perceptual force that drives the advancement of human history.Only in this way,we can break the illusion of data,gradually liberate individuals from the state of spiritual alienation,and redirect data from serving the accumulation of digital capital to fostering the all-round development of humanity.At present,this is of great significance for data elements to empower the development of new quality productivity and advancing the construction of“Digital China”.

关 键 词：数字资本主义 数据幻象 数字资本逻辑 大数据欣快症 精神异化 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易] F49[经济管理—世界经济]