“常”与“裳”的异体分工及形成动因  

Research on the Division of Labor and Motive Causes of“Chang(常)”and“Chang(裳)”

作　　者：周梦圆 何余华 Zhou Mengyuan;He Yuhua(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学文学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第12期28-35,共8页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“出土文献所见古代语言学史资料的整理与研究”(24VJXG059);河南省高校中华优秀传统文化传承发展专项重点课题“出土文献与中国古代语言学史的阐释及重构研究”(23WHZX31)。

摘　　要：“常”和“裳”是为“下裙”义所造的一组异构字,它们的记词职能经历了明显的异体分工过程。“常”字较早见于春秋金文,“裳”字则最早见于战国楚系简帛。在战国楚文字中,它们的记词职能相同,异体关系明显。在西汉时期,“常”字职能繁多,它与异体字“裳”已经体现出分工的趋势。在东汉时期,“常”字已经不再具备记录“下裙”义的本用职能,表示“经常”“常法”义占据显著优势,“裳”字则成为记录“下裙”义的主要用字。“常”和“裳”二字职能分工的原因,主要是出于追求汉字语义精确、职能分工均衡、构件表义明晰以及汉字构形系统完善。“Chang(常)”and“chang(裳)”are a group of heterogeneous characters created for the meaning of“skirt”,and their notation functions have undergone an obvious heterogeneous division of labor.The word“chang(常)”was first seen in the Spring and Autumn Jinwen,and the word“chang(裳)”was first seen in the simple silk of the Chu period in the Warring States period.In the Chu script of the Warring States period,they have the same function of notation,and the relationship between different bodies is obvious.In the Western Han dynasty,the word“chang(常)”had many functions,and it had a tendency to divide the work with the variant character“chang(裳)”.During the Eastern Han dynasty,the word“chang(常)”no longer recorded the original function of the meaning of“skirt”,indicating that the meaning of“often”and“common pattern”had a significant advantage,and the word“chang(裳)”became the main word to record the meaning of“skirt”.The reason for the functional division of the characters“chang(常)”and“chang(裳)”is mainly due to the pursuit of accurate semantics of Chinese characters,balanced division of functions,clear representation of components and perfect Chinese character configuration system.

关 键 词：“常” “裳” 记词职能 异体分工 形成动因 出土文献 

分 类 号：H12[语言文字—汉语]