国家公园保护与水电开发的利益协调  

Coordination of Interests between National Park Protection and Hydropower Development

作　　者：林禹秋 杨朝霞[1] Lin Yuqiu;Yang Zhaoxia(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,100083,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期68-75,共8页Journal of Beijing Forestry University :Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“生态文明理念的环境法学阐释研究”(23AFX022);“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(GZC20240112);中国博士后科学基金(2024M760217);司法部重点项目“环境安宁权法治保障研究”(22SFB2-011);北京林业大学“5·5工程”科研创新团队项目(BLRC2023B07)。

摘　　要：如何妥善解决国家公园保护与小水电开发的利益冲突是当前推进生态文明法治建设必须认真对待的问题。实践中,为建设国家公园而不惜牺牲当地社区居民资源能源权益,甚至影响当地供电安全和用能结构的问题时有发生。为此,有必要重新认识环境公共利益的内涵外延,明晰国家公园建设管理中可能涉及的各类公共利益,秉持环境正义,妥善处理水电能源利益、环境公共利益、私人权益之间的矛盾和冲突。对此,《关于进一步做好小水电分类整改工作的意见》做了有益探索,按照分类施策的原则提出了“退出、整改、保留”的类型化整改意见,极具启发性。建议正在制定的国家公园法借鉴这一做法,以习近平生态文明思想为指导,引入利益平衡机制,确立高位利益优先原则、比例原则、总体利益最大化原则、倾斜保护原则等基本原则,加强能源正义制度建设,完善程序正义保障措施,统筹推进生态保护、绿色发展和民生改善,从而实现生产、生活和生态的“三生共赢”。How to properly resolve the conflict of interests between national park protection and small hydropower projects is a serious issue that must be taken seriously in promoting the construction of ecological civilization and the rule of law.In practice,it happens often that local government sacrifices the resources and energy rights of local community residents for the sake of constructing national parks,at the expense of local power supply safety and energy structure.Therefore,it is necessary to re-examine the connotation and extension of environmental public interests,clarify the various public interests that may be involved in the construction and management of national parks,uphold environmental justice,and properly handle the contradictions and conflicts between hydropower energy interests,environmental public interests,and private rights.The Opinions on Further Improving the Classification and Rectification of Small Hydropower Projects have made useful explorations and proposed a categorized rectification opinion of"exit,rectification,and retention"based on the principle of classification and implementation,which is highly inspiring.We suggest that the National Park Law,which is currently being formulated,draw on this approach,be guided by Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization,introduce a mechanism for balancing interests,establish basic principles such as prioritizing high-level interests,proportionality,maximizing overall interests,and tilted protection,strengthen the construction of energy justice system,improve procedural justice guarantee measures,and coordinate the promotion of ecological protection,green development,and people's livelihood improvement,so as to achieve"the common development of life,production and environment".

关 键 词：国家公园法 环境公共利益 环境正义 利益平衡 生态文明 

分 类 号：DF467[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] TU986.5[政治法律—经济法学]