塑料污染国际文书义务性条款设置探究:自愿、强制抑或另一视角  

Designing Binding Provisions in International Instrument on Plastic Pollution:Voluntary Commitments,Mandatory Obligations,or Alternative Approaches

作　　者：郝会娟 何梦炯 HAO Huijuan;HE Mengjiong(Law school,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学法学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报(人文科学版)》2025年第1期32-40,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金年度项目“中日韩岛屿和海洋权益争端解决机制研究”(编号:20CGJ035)。

摘　　要：塑料污染问题是近年来国际环境热点议题。制定塑料污染国际文书成为全球共识,但在已制定的文书中,许多义务条款仍然保留“应(shall)”和“可酌情(as appropriate)”等多个选项,在强制性和自愿性中徘徊。根据已有的国际条约实践以及国际环境问题的特点,基于国家自愿的软法条款对促进国家履行环境条约的作用不容忽视。文章借鉴最典型的采取国家自主贡献制度(NDC)的《巴黎协定》,从塑料污染国际文书现有的自愿与强制的分歧点出发,通过分析国家自主贡献制度与塑料污染国际文书的契合度,最终认为国家自主贡献制度适用于塑料污染国际文书条款设置。Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge in recent years,with the development of an international instrument gaining widespread consensus.However,existing multilateral agreements still incorporate multiple options such as “shall” and “as appropriate”,oscillating between mandatory and voluntary commitments.Drawing on international treaty practices and the transboundary nature of environmental governance,the study contends that the soft-law provisions based on voluntary state participation remain indispensable for promoting compliance with environmental treaties.By examining the Paris Agreement,the most representative treaty employing the Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC) system,the analysis starts from the existing divergence between voluntary and mandatory provisions in plastic pollution instruments.Through assessing the compatibility between the NDC system and such instruments,the study concludes that the NDC system is applicable to structuring obligations within international instruments on plastic pollution.

关 键 词：塑料污染国际文书 《巴黎协定》 国家自主贡献制度 强制性 自愿性 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]