优绩主义背景下生育支持政策的失效与消解  

The Ineffectiveness and Dissolution of Fertility Support Policies under the Context of Meritocracy

作　　者：叶延禹 YE Yanyu(School of Law,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou 310015 China)

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院法学院,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《南京工程学院学报(社会科学版)》2024年第4期38-44,共7页Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：近年来我国相继出台了个税减免、生育补贴、延长产假等一系列生育支持政策,但民众的生育意愿并未得到有效释放。一种可能的解释是现代化推崇的优绩主义文化及其与传统性别分工的耦合,削弱了政策的实施效果。其作用机制具体如下:一方面,优绩主义加剧了社会竞争,推高生育成本,尤其在起跑线不平等的情况下,会进一步加重家庭的育儿负担;另一方面,受到传统性别分工的影响,效率至上的竞争环境导致性别友好型政策反而恶化女性的职场环境,压抑女性生育意愿,违背政策初衷。消解优绩主义对于生育意愿的负面影响,需要重塑多元成功标准,重建生育的传统价值,构建平等的性别分工关系,发展普惠型育儿服务,将生育行为从家庭负担转化为充满幸福感的生命体验。In recent years,China has implemented a series of pro-natalist policies,including personal income tax reduction,maternity subsidies provision and maternity leave extension.However,these initiatives have yet to effectively stimulate the public's fertility desire.One possible explanation for this phenomenon lies in the intricate interplay between contemporary meritocratic values and entrenched gender norms,which undermines the effectiveness of policy execution.The mechanisms involved could be articulated as follows:First,meritocracy intensifies social competition and increases the associated costs of childbearing.Particularly in contexts characterized by inequality at the starting line,this further exacerbates the childcare burdens faced by families.Second,influenced by traditional gender divisions of labor,an efficiency-driven competitive environment can inadvertently deteriorate workplace conditions for women due to gender unfriendly policies.This ultimately suppresses women's willingness to bear children,thereby contradicting the original intent of these policies.To mitigate the negative effects of meritocracy on fertility desire,it is crucial to reshape diverse standards of success;reestablish traditional values associated with fertility;foster equitable gender relationships;and develop inclusive childcare services that transform childbearing from a familial burden into a fulfilling life experience filled with joy.

关 键 词：优绩主义 生育支持政策 性别分工 生育意愿 生育成本 

分 类 号：D669[政治法律—政治学]