中国森林资源质量现状与提升对策  

The Current Situation and Improvement Strategies of Forest Resource Quality in China

作　　者：张会儒[1,2] 雷相东[1] 符利勇[1] 刘宪钊[1] 张晓红 杨璐 Zhang Huiru;Lei Xiangdong;Fu Liyong;Liu Xianzhao;Zhang Xiaohong;Yang Lu(Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Key Laboratory of Forest Management and Growth Modeling,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Experimental Center of Forestry in North China,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 102300,China;International Cooperation Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,国家林业和草原局森林经营与生长模拟重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300 [3]国家林业和草原局国际合作交流中心,北京100714

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2024年第5期46-54,共9页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-XBZD-10)。

摘　　要：分析了我国森林资源质量现状,总结了我国森林可持续经营的重要进展,剖析了我国森林可持续经营存在的问题,提出了加强森林可持续经营、提升森林资源质量的对策建议。主要结论为:近20年来,我国实施了多项林业生态和国土绿化工程,森林资源得到了恢复性增长。据2021年林草生态综合监测评价结果,我国森林面积2.31亿hm^(2),森林蓄积量194.93亿m^(3),森林覆盖率达到24.02%,但是生产力低、功能不强的局面仍然没有改变。我国乔木林每公顷蓄积量、生物量、生态服务价值分别为95.02m3、91.84t、6.1万元,远低于林业发达国家的水平。我国在森林可持续经营标准指标、管理政策、计划制度和技术研究与应用等方面取得了显著进展,但还存在实践和认识落后、经营制度不完善、人才队伍匮乏、科技投入不足、基础设施落后等亟待解决的问题。未来,应从树立现代森林经营理念、建立以森林经营方案为核心的经营制度体系、完善森林可持续经营政策机制、打造面向基层的森林可持续经营队伍、建立长期稳定的森林可持续经营科技创新支持机制、加强基础设施和装备的现代化等6个方面,采取切实可行的战略部署和举措,促进森林可持续经营,提升森林资源质量,为生态文明和美丽中国建设奠定坚实的绿色基底。This study analyzed the current status of forest resource quality in China,and summarized significant progress in sustainable forest management and existing challenges.The strategies and suggestions were proposed to strengthen sustainable forest management and improve forest resource quality.Over the past two decades,China has implemented multiple ecological and land greening projects of forestry,leading to a recovery increase in forest resources.According to the 2021 comprehensive monitoring findings of forest and grassland ecosystems,China's forest area surpassed 231 million hm^(2),with a volume of 19.493 billion m^(3) and a forest coverage of 24.02%.Nonetheless,the situation of low productivity and weak functionality has not changed.The timber stock volume,biomass and ecological service value of arbor forest per hectare in China were 95.02 m3,91.84 t and 61000 RMB,respectively.These values were significantly less than those of countries with developed forestry.China has made remarkable progress in sustain-able forest management indicators and standards,management policy,planning system and technology research and application,but there are still some problems to be urgently solved,such as outdated practices and understanding,imperfect management system,lacking talent team,insufficient investment in science and technology,backward infrastructure and so on.In the future,China should adopt practical and feasible strategies from the following six aspects:establishing modern forest management concepts,building a management system with forest management plan as the core,enhancing the policy mechanism of sustainable forest management,forming a sustainable forest management team for the grass-roots level,creating a long-term and stable scientific and technological innovation support mechanism for sustainable forest management,and bolstering the modernization of infrastructure and equipment.These measures are expected to support sustainable forest management,improve forest resource quality,and provide a solid green foun

关 键 词：森林资源质量 森林可持续经营 经营现状 对策建议 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]