几种典型遮挡场景下GNSS精密动态定位性能分析及改进  

Analysis and improvement of GNSS precise kinematic positioning performance in several typical occlusion situations

作　　者：金博涵 章浙涛 JIN Bohan;ZHANG Zhetao(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学地球科学与工程学院,南京211100

出　　处：《导航定位与授时》2025年第1期60-75,共16页Navigation Positioning and Timing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42374014,42074014)。

摘　　要：全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)凭借其全天候、实时提供位置服务的特点,而广泛应用于各个领域。然而,在遮挡场景中,GNSS信号发生遮挡、反射、衍射和干扰等,这给定位精度和稳定性带来了挑战。尽管针对复杂环境下的GNSS数据处理已有许多研究,但缺乏对典型遮挡场景的深入研究,也鲜有针对遮挡场景的完整精密动态定位方法探讨。因此,研究遮挡场景下GNSS精密动态定位方法,并提高其定位性能具有重要意义。本方法融合了数据预处理、数据后控制、数学模型精化和模糊度固定4个主要模块,对单侧、双侧、三侧和四侧4个典型遮挡场景进行实验分析。结果表明,遮挡场景下的精密动态定位方法在E,N,U这3个方向的定位偏差均小于3 cm,水平方向的定位精度优于4 cm,模糊度固定率均在85%以上,明显优于传统的GNSS精密定位方法。在动态遮挡实验中,C-RTK方法的水平方向定位精度达到了5 cm,模糊度固定率达到了98.5%。因此,针对遮挡场景下的GNSS精密动态定位,所提出的方法展现出了优越的定位性能。The global navigation satellite system(GNSS)is widely used in various fields due to its ability to provide real-time positioning services in all weather conditions.However,in occlusion situations,GNSS signals are occluded,reflected,diffracted and interfered,which poses challenges to positioning accuracy and stability.Although numerous studies have been carried out on GNSS data processing in complex environments,there is a lack of in-depth research on typical occlusion situations and little discussion on comprehensive precise kinematic positioning methods tailored specifically for occlusion situations.Therefore,it is of great importance to study the GNSS precise kinematic positioning method in occlusion situations and improve its positioning performance.This method integrates four main modules:data preprocessing,data post-control,mathematical model refinement,and ambiguity resolution.Experimental analysis conducted in single-sided,double-sided,triple-sided,and quadruple-sided typical occlusion situations shows that the precise kinematic positioning method achieves positioning errors of less than 3 cm in the E,N,and U directions,with horizontal positioning accuracy better than 4 cm.The ambiguity success rate is over 85%,which is significantly better than that of traditional methods.Furthermore,in the dynamic occlusion experiment,the C-RTK method achieves a horizontal positioning accuracy of 5 cm and an ambiguity success rate of 98.5%.Thus,the proposed method demonstrates superior positioning performance for the GNSS accurate kinematic positioning in occluded situations.

关 键 词：精密动态定位 遮挡场景 全球卫星导航系统 数据预处理 数据后控制 数学模型精化 模糊度固定 

分 类 号：P228.1[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] V249.3[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]