日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培中有机物料腐解及根区和叶片养分含量的变化  

Analysis of the Decomposition of Organic Materials and Nutrients Contents in Root Zone and Leaves of Cucumber Under Organic Substrate Planting Board Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：毛欣 元文飞 郭雨润 徐欣欣 李艺 张毅[1] 苗妍秀 白龙强 李衍素[2] MAO Xin;YUAN Wenfei;GUO Yurun;XU Xinxin;LI Yi;ZHANG Yi;MIAO Yanxiu;BAI Longqiang;LI Yansu(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《园艺学报》2025年第2期439-452,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601013,202302010101003);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-23-B05);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018028);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ04)。

摘　　要：有机物料种植板(organic substrate planting board)栽培可实现设施蔬菜有机肥施用自动化作业。为了探究该栽培模式对有机物料腐解、养分释放和作物生长与养分吸收等的影响,以‘中农46号’黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为试材,进行了有机物料种植板栽培和有机物料撒施后深翻起垄的常规土壤栽培对比试验。结果表明:有机物料种植板处理在0~30 d腐解较快,常规撒施深翻处理在0~60 d腐解较快,之后均变慢。30 d时有机物料种植板处理的有机物料腐解率较常规撒施深翻处理高3.7个百分点,但120 d时低7.8个百分点。两种施肥模式下有机物料的全N含量在试验期间迅速降低,而全P和全K含量变化较小。2021年秋冬茬试验,根区深度0~5 cm土层有机物料种植板处理的碱解氮含量,及根区0~5 cm和5~15 cm土层速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于常规撒施深翻处理;有机物料种植板处理根区养分含量变异系数较常规撒施深翻处理高;2023年秋冬茬两处理根区碱解氮含量变化趋势与2021年基本一致,但速效磷含量和变异系数在两处理间差异不大。与常规撒施深翻处理相比,有机物料种植板处理黄瓜叶片全N、P和K含量在2021年秋冬茬未降低,而2023年秋冬茬120 d时全K含量降低了9.6%;光合速率(P_(n))和地上部干物质量显著高升高;黄瓜产量在2021年秋冬茬无差异,2023年秋冬茬提高了10.9%。以上表明有机物料种植板栽培下的有机物料腐解率较常规撒施深翻栽培低,养分在根区表层集中分布,使得黄瓜对养分吸收较为充分,满足了黄瓜对养分的需求。Organic substrate planting board cultivation is suitable for automated organic fertilizer application in solar greenhouse.In order to investigate the effects of organic substrate planting board cultivation on the decomposition characteristics and nutrient releasing patterns of organic materials,and nutrient absorption and growth of crop,‘Zhongnong 46’cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)was used as the experimental material,and conducted field experiment with organic substrate planting board cultivation and conventional soil cultivation.The results showed that the decomposition rate of organic materials was faster in the first 30 days under organic substrate planting board cultivation and in the first 60 days under conventional soil cultivation,then slowed down until the end of the experiment under both treatments in autumn-winter season in 2021.The decomposition rate of organic substrate planting board cultivation was 3.7 percentage points higher than that of conventional soil cultivation at 30th day,however,7.8 percentage points lower at 120th day.The total N content of organic materials declined rapidly,while total P and K varied little during the experiment.The contents of alkaline N at 0–5 cm layers and the contents of available P and K at 0–5 and 5–15 cm layer under organic substrate planting board cultivation treatment were higher than that of conventional soil cultivation in autumn-winter season in 2021.Besides,the coefficients of variation of nutrients in the root zone of organic substrate planting board cultivation were greater than that of conventional soil cultivation in 2021.In 2023,the variation tendencies of alkaline N contents in the root zone were same as that in 2021,while there was no difference between two treatments in the contents and coefficients of variation of available P.The contents of N,P and K in cucumber leaves of organic substrate planting board cultivation treatment were equal to or greater than that of conventional soil cultivation in 2021,however,K content was 9.6%lower at 120th

关 键 词：黄瓜 有机肥 自动化作业 成型有机物料种植板 腐解 养分 光合 产量 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]