电子商务与企业跨地区交易:交易成本经济学的视角  

E-commerce and Cross-regional Transactions:From the Perspective of Transaction Cost Economics

作　　者：唐跃桓 黎静霖 杨其静[3] TANG Yuehuan;LI Jinglin;YANG Qijing(Institute of Quantitative&Technological Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Economics,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,100732 [2]中国数量经济学会,100732 [3]中国人民大学经济学院,100872

出　　处：《经济研究》2025年第1期74-90,共17页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项(24ZDA023)的资助。

摘　　要：随着数字信息技术的深化使用,电子商务正在国内贸易活动中发挥日益重要的作用。本文基于国家电子商务示范城市的准自然实验,考察电子商务究竟能够在哪些环节降低交易成本,从而影响企业的跨地区交易活动。研究发现:第一,电子商务有助于促进企业跨城市和跨省份交易,这主要源于电子商务降低了事前的搜寻成本和谈判成本。其中,对于本地偏向型企业,电子商务降低搜寻成本的作用更明显;对于外地偏向型企业,电子商务降低谈判成本的作用更明显。第二,交易范围的扩大在一定程度上增加了相关企业事后的治理成本,而这些成本与企业同新对象交易的不确定性、专用性投资和交易频率有关。强化企业组织、第三方平台、电子商务协会和商业信用环境的治理机制,将有助于缓解该成本上升。第三,电子商务不仅有助于促进高行政壁垒地区的企业实现跨地区交易,而且还能帮助企业在高行政壁垒地区展开交易。总之,本文研究揭示了电子商务影响企业跨地区交易的内在机制,对电子商务赋能双循环新发展格局、助力全国统一大市场建设具有一定的理论和实践价值。China's interregional trade also faces market segmentation and high transaction costs due to various trade frictions.With the development of digital information technology,e-commerce is playing an increasingly important role in trading activities.The study of how e-commerce affects interregional trading activities and domestic trade patterns by reducing transaction costs is of great theoretical and practical value in promoting the building of a unified national market.This paper first matches the data of the top five suppliers and customers of Chinese listed enterprises with the national business registration data to identify the geographic locations of the major suppliers and customers,on the basis of which an indicator of cross-regional transactions is constructed.Then,this paper examines the impact of e-commerce on cross-regional transactions of enterprises based on the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2010 to 2022,with the help of the exogenous shock of the establishment of national e-commerce demonstration cities.Then,this paper integrates multiple datasets,such as Alibaba suppliers and judgment documents,to further analyze the impact of e-commerce on transaction costs in different segments.This paper attempts to answer the following questions.First,can e-commerce promote cross-regional transactions for enterprises under the national e-commerce demonstration city policy?Second,what links of transaction costs does e-commerce reduce and what governance mechanisms does it rely on?Third,can e-commerce overcome administrative barriers to achieve interregional transactions?This paper finds that,firstly,e-commerce facilitates cross-regional transactions,particularly across provincial-level regions,due to the reduction in ex ante search and negotiation costs.In particular,e-commerce has a more pronounced im-pact on reducing search costs for locally biased firms and on reducing negotiation costs for foreign-biased firms.Secondly,the expansion of the scope of transactions increases the ex post governance costs

关 键 词：电子商务 跨地区交易 区域间贸易 供应链网络 统一大市场 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]