门罗宣言的全球史背景探原  

Exploring the global historical background of the Monroe Doctrine

作　　者：刘小枫[1] LIU Xiaofeng(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期1-12,共12页Journal of Hainan University (Humanities & Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(22XNLG10)。

摘　　要：美国的国际政治原则奠基于整整两百年前的《门罗宣言》(1823),它为美国秉持特立独行的“国际法”提供了正当性,在世界走向全球化的时代,使得美国既能干涉全球事务又能拒斥域外政治体对美洲事务的干涉。值此《门罗宣言》两百周年之际,在今天的国际政治大变局的语境中,重审《门罗宣言》诞生的政治史背景,不仅有必要而且具有现实意义。一般认为,《门罗宣言》是因应拿破仑战败后欧洲出现王政复辟而生,具有反抗欧洲王权国家的“进步”性质。实际上,《门罗宣言》仅仅在言辞上针对“神圣同盟”,其矛头的真正所指是英国在拿破仑战争之后急剧上升的国际地位。从全球史的视角来看,《门罗宣言》的诞生标志着新生的美国与大英帝国争夺全球支配权的开端。由此来看,英美争霸的历史起点并不是在十九世纪末,而是在十九世纪初。The principles of American international politics were founded in the Monroe Doctrine 200 years ago(1823),which provides the justification for the United States to uphold the maverick"international law".In the era of globalization,this enables the United States to not only interfere in global affairs,but also resist the interference of foreign political bodies in American affairs.Upon the bicentennial of the Monroe Doctrine,reviewing the background of political history for the birth of the Monroe Doctrine is necessary and of practical significance in the context of today's great changes in international politics.It is generally believed that the Monroe Doctrine was born in response to the restoration of monarchy in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon,and has the"progressive"nature of resisting the European royal countries.In fact,the Monroe Doctrine is only rhetorically directed at the"Holy Alliance"while its real reference is the rapidly rising international status of Britain after the Napoleonic Wars.From the perspective of global history,the Monroe Doctrine marks the beginning of the struggle between the new United States and the British Empire for global dominance.From this point of view,the historical starting point of Anglo-American rivalry is not at the end of the nineteenth century,but at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

关 键 词：门罗宣言 政治史学 自由独立 神圣同盟 英美关系 

分 类 号：K141[历史地理—历史学]