告知同意规则在信赖理念下的反思与出路  

The reflection and outlet of the informed consent rule under the concept of trust

作　　者：王崇敏[1] 蔺怡琛 WANG Chongmin;LIN Yichen(Law School,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《海南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期117-129,共13页Journal of Hainan University (Humanities & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA156);海南省社会科学基金重点项目(HD-SKY-2022064)。

摘　　要：作为个人信息保护领域的重要规范,告知同意规则在学界屡遭质疑。关于“同意”性质有四种不同观点,包括“意思表示否认说”“意思表示肯认说”和两种“折中说”。因缺乏信赖思维等原因,这些观点都无法解决告知同意规则的实践困境。个人信息保护领域中信赖关系的引入,不是否定告知同意规则,是对传统模式的完善,是将形式化的告知同意发展为以信赖为基的授权。信赖理念下的告知同意规范结构呈现为“分级信赖+按需同意=合法处理”,即不同程度的信赖关系是信息主体进行按需同意的判断要素。该规范结构仅要求用户依照相关标准,明确自身对信息处理者的信赖程度,进而凭借真实意愿选择可与之共享的信息类别。信赖关系一方面能够重新定义信息处理活动的权利义务关系,拓宽个人信息私法救济路径;另一方面能够为双方解绑难以完成的任务、完善告知同意规则体系、弥补对第三方信息处理平台的监管缺失,更好地平衡个人信息保护与数据利用的关系。As an important norm in the field of personal information protection,the informed consent rule has been repeatedly questioned in the academic community.There are four different views on the nature of"consent",which can be summarized as the"denial of intention"theory,the"support of intention"theory and two"compromise"theories.However,due to the lack of trust mind,they cannot break through the practical dilemma of the informed consent rule.The introduction of trust relationship in the field of personal information protection is not to deny the informed consent rule,but to improve the traditional model and to develop the formalized informed consent into a trust-based authorization.The normative structure of informed consent under the concept of trust is presented as"hierarchical trust+on-demand consent=lawful processing",that is,different degrees of trust relationship are the judgment elements of on-demand consent of information subjects.This normative structure only requires users to clarify their trust in the information processor according to relevant standards,and then choose the information category that can be shared with them by virtue of their true will.On the one hand,the trust relationship can redefine the rights and obligations of information processing activities and broaden the private-law relief path of personal information.On the other hand,it can untie the difficult tasks for both parties,and improve the system of informed consent rules,and make up for the lack of supervision of third-party information processing platforms,and better balance the relationship between personal information protection and data utilization.

关 键 词：告知同意规则 信赖理念 信赖关系 分级信赖+按需同意 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]