我国能源发展的生态环境足迹影响综述  

Review on Footprints of Environmental and Ecological for Energy Develoment in China

作　　者：谭琦璐 TAN Qilu

机构地区：[1]中国宏观经济研究院能源研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《中国能源》2024年第11期24-38,共15页Energy of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(编号:72243005)。

摘　　要：随着我国能源体系向绿色低碳演进,能源本身生产过程造成的生态环境负面影响将会愈发轻微,从全生命周期尺度考量的“足迹”将成为评价影响的关键指标。考虑到当前能源所产生的排放、消耗、污染和占用等主要生态环境影响特征,本文以碳足迹、水足迹、生态足迹作为切入,首先全面阐述了我国主要能源的足迹大小和特征。其次,基于三种足迹评价了综合生态环境影响,指出风电、核电、光伏、地热的生态环境足迹最小、生态效益最优,而水电、生物质、CCUS、现代煤化工足迹较大,需重视对应的生态环境问题。最后,提出能源降低足迹的关键举措以及健全足迹评价方法、完善足迹管理制度等,以更好地发挥“足迹”指导能源绿色转型作用的政策建议。The negative ecological and environmental impacts of energy production process itself will be reduced gradually as China's energy system evolves to greener、lowcarbon and cleaner.The"footprint"which is from the perspective of the entire life cycle will become a more suitable and significant indicator for assessing ecological and environmental impact of energy in the future.Considering the main impacts currently caused by energy which are mainly included emissions,comsumpitons,pollutions and occupation,this paper applies carbon footprint,water footprint,and ecological footprint correspondingly to analysis.First,it comprehensively elaborates the numbers and characteristics of all three footprints for various kinds of energy types and industries.Second,this paper concludes the comprehensive ecological and environmental impacts for main energy types and industries according to three footprints,pointing out that wind power,nuclear power,photovoltaic power,and geothermal power have the most advantages in ecological and environmental benefits while hydro-power,biomass,CCUS,and modern coal chemical industry are needed to pay attention to the ecological and environmental problems revealed by the larger footprints.Finally,it proposes key measures for energy to reduce footprints and policy suggestions for optimize footprints tool to support green,low-carbon transition and development of energy.

关 键 词：碳足迹 水足迹 生态足迹 能源绿色转型 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]