论作为互动意义过程的公共行动——理解公共行动的非意图后果  

Public Action as Interactive Meaning-making Process:Understanding Unintended Consequences of Public Action

作　　者：张乾友[1] ZHANG Qian-you

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,江苏省南京市210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学)》2025年第1期51-59,158,共10页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(23AZZ013)。

摘　　要：公共行动经常产生一些不受欢迎的结果。早期研究多从预期的角度讨论这一问题,希望通过提高决策者的预期能力来避免这种结果。当代研究则更多从意图的角度来讨论问题,并发现即使决策者的预期能力得到增强,也不能避免非意图后果的出现。非意图后果本质上是一种选择性的代价,是决策者选择接受的代价,因而需要从选择的角度得到理解和管理。对非意图后果的关注要求我们正视公共世界的不完美性,不把公共行动看成在技术上不断解决问题的过程,而看成利害关系人开展有意义互动的过程。这也许会让我们失去问题可以一劳永逸地解决的确信,但鉴于这种确信本身属于虚构,在失去它的同时,我们则将收获与真实世界的相处之道。Public actions often lead to undesirable outcomes.Early research approached this issue from the perspective of anticipation,aiming to enhance policymakers'predictive abilities to avoid those outcomes.However,contemporary studies focus more on intention,and reveal that even with improved foresight,unintended consequences remain inevitable.At its core,unintended consequences are a selective cost,a trade-off that decision-makers consciously accept.Thus,they should be understood and managed from the perspective of choice rather than mere prediction.Recognizing unintended consequences compels us to acknowledge the imperfection of the public sphere.Instead of viewing public action as a technical process of problem-solving,we should see it as a meaningful interaction among stakeholders.This shift in perspective may challenge the belief that problems can be resolved once and for all,but since such certainty is ultimately a fiction,abandoning it allows us to engage more authentically with the real complexities of the world.

关 键 词：公共行动 非预期后果 非意图后果 公共决策 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]