《孟子》“引《论语》”新考  

A New Examination of the Mencius’s“Citation of the Analects”

作　　者：顾史考 Scott Cook

机构地区：[1]密歇根大学 [2]新加坡国立大学中文系 [3]耶鲁-新加坡国立大学学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2025年第1期20-37,共18页Chinese Culture Research

摘　　要：清代以来,学者多通过《孟子》所见孔子语录与《论语》所收之异同来了解《论语》在先秦的地位与性质,甚或有学者依据此种研究而怀疑《论语》内容在先秦的存在。本文通过如王家嘴《孔子曰》、安大简《仲尼曰》等近日发现的出土竹本语录集所提供的信息,共列十条文例而从新探讨《孟子》引孔子与《论语》异同的情况。基于此种分析,本文乃得出《孟子》撰作时《论语》所收章节至少有相当部分已存在,然《论语》或其前身在当时亦并非独具权威性的孔子语录集等结论,最后亦反驳若干难以成立的《论语》编撰年代新说。Ever since the Qing dynasty,a number of scholars have utilized the disparities between Mencius’s citation of statements from Confucius and those recorded in the Analects to better understand the position and nature of the latter work during the pre⁃imperial period,with some scholars have even gone so far as to doubt that the contents of the Analects even existed at that time.This paper explores the information to be gleaned from such recently excavated bamboo manuscripts as Kongzi said from Wangjiazui and“Zhongni said”from the Anhui University collection,looking at a total of ten textual examples to reexamine the nature of the aforementioned disparities between the Mencius and Analects.On the basis of this analysis,the paper draws the conclusion,among others,that at least a considerable portion of the Analects’passages were already in existence at the time of the Mencius’s compilation,even though the Analects(or its precursor)could not have been considered a unique record of Confucius’s statements and conversations with singular authority at the time.The paper concludes with a refutation of certain recent theories about the date of composition of the Analects that are difficult to sustain in the light of such evidence.

关 键 词：《孟子》 《论语》成书 《孔子曰》 孔子语录 《仲尼曰》 

分 类 号：I262[文学—中国文学] K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]