增黏、减摩抗磨多功能一体化的聚合物型水基润滑添加剂的设计制备及性能  

Preparation and characterization of polymeric water-based lubrication additives with multifunctional integration of viscosity-enhancing,friction reduction,and anti-wear properties

作　　者：张崇瑞 邹坤 刘骁 于强亮[1,3] 王新刚 蔡美荣 周峰[1] ZHANG Chongrui;ZOU Kun;LIU Xiao;YU Qiangliang;WANG Xingang;CAI Meirong;ZHOU Feng(State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing,Yantai 264006,China;Harbin Engineering University,Yantai Research Institute,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]烟台先进材料与绿色制造山东省实验室,烟台264006 [4]哈尔滨工程大学烟台研究院,烟台264000

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期325-337,共13页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0716304);国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20623,U21A20280);山东省泰山学者计划(NO.tsqn202211284);甘肃省自然科学基金(22ZD6GA002,22ZD6GA025,22JR5RA114)。

摘　　要：采用绿色环保的水基润滑剂代替易造成环境污染的油基润滑剂,是实现绿色摩擦学的有效方法之一。然而,水基润滑剂普遍存在黏度低、易腐蚀、润滑效果差等问题。该文通过合理的分子结构设计,将聚合物链式增黏结构与质子型离子液体润滑结构相结合,制备了具有一定抗腐蚀性能、优异增黏和润滑性能的质子型聚离子液体(PPILs)水基润滑添加剂PPD-N。借助SRV-V微动摩擦磨损试验机和全自动真彩共聚焦显微镜表征了不同温度条件下PPD-N的减摩抗磨性能;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了磨斑的表面微观形貌;通过光干涉法研究了PPD-N在弹性流体动力润滑状态(EHL)下的润滑性能;利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和飞行时间二次离子质谱(ToF-SIMS)对添加剂的润滑机理进行了研究。结果表明:PPD-N不仅能显著提高水基润滑液的黏度,还能有效抑制铸铁在水中的腐蚀。与商用增黏剂Koreox W55000相比,含有6%质量分数PPD-N的水基润滑液的摩擦系数和磨损体积可分别降低约75%和60%。EHL测试结果表明PPD-N水溶液在界面处的薄膜厚度随着滚动速度的增加而增大,接触区域中心膜厚和润滑剂出口处的最小膜厚均显著高于去离子水。在边界润滑状态下,PPD-N能在摩擦界面处形成吸附膜和摩擦化学反应膜,两者协同作用,显著提高了水基润滑液的摩擦学性能。PPD-N不含磷、硫和卤素,合成简单,绿色环保,有望作为难燃液压液和水基全合成金属加工液的增黏、润滑添加剂使用。[Objective]Water-based lubrication has gained significant attention in tribology due to its availability,eco-friendliness,non-flammability,high thermal conductivity,and excellent cleaning properties.Replacing oil-based lubricants,which pose environmental risks,is an effective way toward achieving green tribology.However,water-based lubricants typically face challenges such as low viscosity, susceptibility to corrosion, and inferior lubrication performance.Water-soluble poly(ionic liquid)s, which combine the benefits of polymers and ionic liquids, offer potential as multifunctionalwater-based lubricant additives to enhance the physicochemical and tribological properties of water-based lubricants.[Methods] Through rational molecular structure design, we developed protic poly(ionic liquids) (PPILs) water-basedlubricating additives, PPD-N, by combining a polymer chain visco-enhancing structure with a proton-type ionic liquidslubricating structure. PPD-N demonstrates excellent viscosity enhancement, corrosion resistance, and lubricating properties.Kinematic and dynamic viscosities of different water-based lubricating fluids were investigated at 25 ℃ and 40 ℃ using aPinkevitch Viscometer and a rotational rheometer, with the commercial viscosity builder, Koreox W55000, serving as thecontrol. Following the national standard GB6144—2010, we evaluated corrosion inhibition performance on first-grade gray castiron using immersion corrosion tests, comparing deionized water, 6% PPD-N, and Koreox W55000 aqueous solution. Thefriction reduction performance of PPD-N additives was assessed using the SRV-V tester, while its anti-wear properties werecharacterized using a fully automated real-color confocal microscope. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication properties of PPD-Nwere investigated by optical interferometry. The surface micromorphology of wear patches was observed using scanningelectron microscopy. We also investigated the lubrication mechanisms of the additives using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and time-of-flight

关 键 词：聚离子液体 水基润滑 润滑添加剂 润滑机理 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]