朱子心性情问题再论——兼论道德动力、道德工夫的主体  

A Further Discussion of Zhu Xi's Mind,Nature and Emotion:And the Subject of Moral Motivation and Moral Gongfu

作　　者：黄琳 Huang Lin

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2025年第1期20-26,共7页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“明清学术转型视阈下陆世仪《思辨录辑要》整理与研究”(23BZX037)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：朱子的心性情问题主要包含三个层面:首先,探究心、性、情如何既“区域分辨”又“脉络贯通”;其次,反思心如何既是“做工夫处”,又是性、情主宰,亦即心如何既是做工夫的客体,又是主宰性情的主体;最后,揭示朱子理路中道德工夫、动力、责任的主体性问题。在朱子阔大精微的理路中,不仅宇宙论是“道-理合一相成”,心性论更是“性理-明德合一相成”的双层理路,以期解决心、性、情的内在逻辑关联,心如何主宰性情,以及“性体无力”下的道德动力问题。朱子理路中的明德与阳明理路中的良知虽皆为心体、性体,但有本质区分,朱子在心物相接、敬义夹持的内外综合中达至“心具众理”、众理俱现,这是明德心体在心物相接中识取天道、物理并同时获致自身本体性完满的过程。The question of Zhu Xi's mind,nature and emotion mainly includes three levels:firstly,to explore the"regional distinction"and"contextual connection"between mind,nature and emotion;secondly,to reflect on how the mind is both a"place of doing gongfu工夫"and the master of nature and emotion,that is,how the mind is both the object of gongfu and the subject of nature and emotion;thirdly,to reveal the subjectivity of moral effort,motivation and responsibility in Zhu Xi's path.In Zhu Xi's broad and subtle path,not only the cosmology is"the unity of Tao道and Li理",but also the theory of mind心性论is a two-layer path,in order to solve the internal logical relationship between mind,nature and emotion.Although mingde明德in Zhu Xi's path and the conscience in Yang Ming's path are both the ontology of mind,there is an essential distinction.In the internal and external synthesis of the connection between mind and object,respect敬and righteousness义,"the mind has all the reason""is realized,which is the process of subject of gongfu,ontology of mingde to recognize the Tao and Li,and at the same time to obtain the perfection of one's own ontology.

关 键 词：朱子 心性情 道德动力 工夫主体 心体 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]