不同型式播种机田间作业质量对比试验研究  

Comparative experimental research on the field operation quality of different types of seeders

作　　者：刘小伟 马姝岑 程晓磊 王超 徐振兴 刘恒新 Liu Xiaowei;Ma Shucen;Cheng Xiaolei;Wang Chao;Xu Zhenxing;Liu Hengxin(China Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing,100122,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农业机械化总站,北京市100122

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第3期1-5,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2000505)。

摘　　要：播种机作业质量及效率对作物出苗情况及产量有较大影响。针对不同播种机结构特点,试验验证传统勺轮式播种机与指夹式、气吸式高性能播种机作业质量和效率差异,对我国大豆玉米播种机应用现状和趋势进行分析。结果表明:勺轮式播种机适宜在6 km/h以下播种作业,指夹式、气吸式播种机适宜作业速度可达7~9 km/h;在播种速度高于6 km/h条件下,指夹式、气吸式播种机的株距合格指数、播种均匀性变异系数等作业质量指标优于勺轮式播种机。随着大功率拖拉机的普及、播种速度的提高、播种机行数的增加,勺轮式整体仿形播种机的劣势显现,应加快提升播种作业质量,逐步推进播种机升级换代。The quality and efficiency of seeder have great influence on the emergence and yield of crops.According to the structural characteristics of different seeders,the difference of working quality and efficiency between traditional spoon-wheel seeder and finger-clip and air-suction high-performance seeder was verified,the application status and trends of soybean and corn seeders in China were analyzed.The results showed that the spoon-wheel seeder was suitable for sowing below 6 km/h,and the suitable working speed of finger-clip and air-suction seeder was 7-9 km/h,the qualified index of plant spacing and variation coefficient of seeding uniformity of finger-clip and air-suction seeder are better than spoon-wheel seeder.With the popularization of high-horsepower tractors,the increase in sowing speed,and the addition of rows on seeders,the disadvantages of the overall profiling seeders with spoon wheels have emerged.It is necessary to accelerate the improvement of sowing operation quality and gradually promote the upgrading of seeders.

关 键 词：大豆玉米 高性能播种机 播种质量 出苗率 勺轮式 指夹式 气吸式 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]