顶杆夹持式玉米精量排种器设计与试验  

Design and experiment of a top bar clamping-type maize precision seed-metering device

作　　者：吴海峰 张学军 史增录 程金鹏 于永良 Wu Haifeng;Zhang Xuejun;Shi Zenglu;Cheng Jinpeng;Yu Yongliang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,830052,China;Xinjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Machinery and Tools Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Tiemenguan,841007,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐市830052 [2]新疆天诚农机具制造有限公司,新疆铁门关841007

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第3期11-18,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003—3)。

摘　　要：针对玉米精量排种器出现重播、漏播及对不同形状尺寸玉米排种适应性差等问题,设计一种顶杆夹持式玉米精量排种器,通过夹持系统控制取种块开合,进而与钢带形成一定夹持空间,实现玉米种子的取种、清种等过程。进一步分析扭簧初始安装角和扭簧扭转力对取种及携种的影响效果,并对玉米种子取种过程进行受力分析。为验证排种器作业性能,以取种块深度、扭簧初始安装角、排种器转速为试验因素,以合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数为试验指标进行三因素三水平试验,对试验结果分析及优化得出最佳理论参数:当取种块深度为8.7 mm、扭簧初始安装角为51.4°、排种器转速为28.5 r/min时,合格指数为95.0%、漏播指数为3.1%、重播指数为1.9%,满足玉米种植的农艺要求,为玉米机械式精量排种器设计提供参考。In response to the problems of reseeding,leakage,and poor adaptability to different types of maize seeds,a top bar clamping-type maize precision seed-metering device is designed.By controlling the opening and closing of the seed picking block through a clamping system,a clamping space is formed with the steel strip for seed picking and cleaning.The effects of torsion spring initial installation angle and torsion force on seed picking and carrying are analyzed,and a mechanical model for the seed picking process is established.To verify the operational performance of the seed-metering device,a three-factor,three-level experiment is conducted using the depth of the seed block,the initial installation angle of the torsion spring,and the speed of seed-metering device as experimental factors,and the qualification index,leakage index,and replay index as experimental indicators.The experimental results are analyzed and optimized to obtain the optimal theoretical parameters.When the depth of the seed block is 8.7 mm,the torsion spring angle is 51.4°,and the seed-metering speed is 28.5 r/min,the qualification index is 95.0%,the leakage index is 3.1%,and the reseeding index is 1.9%,meeting the agronomic requirements for maize planting.The results provide valuable references for designing mechanical precision seed-metering devices for maize.

关 键 词：农业机械 排种器 玉米 顶杆夹持式 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]