大豆小区育种气吸式排种器设计与试验  

Design and experiment of a pneumatic seed metering device for soybean breeding in small plots

作　　者：杨帆 滕利 沈景新 朱景红 孙永佳 孙宜田 Yang Fan;Teng Li;Shen Jingxin;Zhu Jinghong;Sun Yongjia;Sun Yitian(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,271018,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science,Jinan,250103,China;Weichai Lovol Intelligent Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Weifang,261206,China;Huanghuaihai Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan,250103,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南市250103 [3]潍柴雷沃智慧农业科技股份有限公司,山东潍坊261206 [4]农业农村部黄淮海现代农业装备重点实验室,济南市250103

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第3期33-39,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2022CXGC020703);山东省重点研发计划(科技示范工程)项目(2022SFGC0203)。

摘　　要：针对大豆小区育种排种器在高速作业条件下的种子漏播、重播率高以及清换种作业过程烦琐的问题,设计一款针对大豆小区育种的气吸式排种器及其自动清换种装置。在分析大豆种子充种过程中的受力情况以及种子的运动学模型的基础上,设计一款气吸式排种器;分析大豆小区育种的清换种过程,设计一套与排种器配套的自动清换种装置,可以实现3 s内精确清换种;搭建试验平台,以充种合格率、漏播率、重播率为评价标准,对4种不同颗粒大小的大豆种子进行正交试验。试验结果表明:在4个不同排种盘转速条件下(6 r/min、9 r/min、12 r/min和15 r/min),4种不同颗粒种子的平均合格指数为98.06%,平均漏播指数为0.84%,平均重播指数为1.10%,满足大豆小区育种技术要求。In response to the problems of seed missing,high multiple seeding rate,and cumbersome seed cleaning and replacement process in seed metering devices for soybean small-plot breeding under high-speed operations,a pneumatic seed metering device and its automated seed cleaning and replacement device are designed specifically for soybean small-plot breeding.Based on an analysis of the forces acting on soybean seeds during the filling process and their kinematic model,a pneumatic seed metering device is developed.Additionally,to simplify the seed cleaning and replacement process for soybean small-plot breeding,an automated seed cleaning replacement device is designed,capable of precise seed cleaning and replacement within 3 s.A test platform is built,and orthogonal experiments are conducted using four different sizes of soybean seeds.The evaluation criteria include the qualified seeding rate,missing rate,and multiple seeding rate.The results show than under four different seed plate rotational speeds(6 r/min,9 r/min,12 r/min,and 15 r/min),the average qualified rate of the four seed types is 98.06%,the average missing rate is 0.84% and the average multiple seeding rate is 1.10%,meeting the technical requirements for soybean small-plot breeding.

关 键 词：大豆 气吸式排种器 小区育种 自动清换种装置 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]