浙江省蔬菜机械化移栽关键技术探讨  

Research on key technologies for mechanized vegetable transplanting in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：楼婷婷 王涛 费焱 柳国光 张加清 王磊[2] Lou Tingting;Wang Tao;Fei Yan;Liu Guoguang;Zhang Jiaqing;Wang Lei(Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinhua,321051,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou,310018,China)

机构地区：[1]金华市农业科学研究院,浙江金华321051 [2]浙江理工大学机械工程学院,杭州市310018

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第3期54-58,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划“尖兵”计划项目(2022C02002);浙江省金华市农业类重点项目(2021—2—012)。

摘　　要：蔬菜产业是浙江省农业主导产业,移栽作为蔬菜生产的重要环节,目前主要依靠人工完成,严重制约蔬菜产业的发展,实现蔬菜移栽机械化是蔬菜种植生产的必然需求。介绍国内外蔬菜移栽机械研究现状,重点分析其自动化程度、作业效率和机型尺寸大小。当前浙江省蔬菜种植面积稳定、品类丰富多样,但蔬菜耕种收综合机械化率小于20%,蔬菜移栽机保有量少,指出现有移栽机在浙江省应用中存在复杂环境适应性差、作业质量稳定性差、品种多样适用性低和经济效益提高不显著等问题,提出蔬菜移栽机小型化和转向控制技术、仿形自适应技术、黏土防除技术、自动取苗技术、高密度移栽技术等可供蔬菜移栽机提升改进的建议,为浙江省蔬菜机械化移栽装备的研制提供参考。The vegetable industry is a leading agricultural sector in Zhejiang Province.Transplanting,as an important step in vegetable production,depends mainly on manual labor,which severely restricts the development of the vegetable industry.Mechanizing vegetable transplanting is an inevitable demand for vegetable production.This study introduces the current research on vegetable transplanting machinery both domestically and internationally,with a focus on the automation levels,operational efficiency,and machine sizes.At present,the vegetable planting area is stable in Zhejiang Province,with a wide variety of crops.However,the comprehensive mechanization rate of vegetable planting,cultivating,and harvesting is less than 20%,and the number of vegetable transplanters is low.The study points out some problems with the current transplanting machines in Zhejiang,including poor adaptability to complex environments,unstable operational quality,limited applicability to various vegetable diversities,and insignificant improvement in economic benefits.Some suggestions are presented for improving vegetable transplanting machine,such as miniaturization and steering control technology,profiling adaptive technology,clay prevention technology,automatic seedling picking technology,and high-density transplanting technology.These suggestions could provide a reference for the development of mechanized vegetable transplanting equipment in Zhejiang Province.

关 键 词：蔬菜 机械化移栽 浙江省 小型化 黏土防除 高密度 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]