2022年北京市霍乱流行病学和病原学特征分析  

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cholera in Beijing,2022

作　　者：吴晓娜[1] 田祎[1] 董帅兵 霍达[1] 刘白薇[1] 王宇 赵好 贾蕾[1] 严寒秋[1] 黄瑛[1] Wu Xiaona;Tian Yi;Dong Shuaibing;Huo Da;Liu Baiwei;Wang Yu;Zhao Hao;Jia Lei;Yan Hanqiu;Huang Ying(Infectious and Endemic Disease Control Institute,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病与地方病控制所,北京100013

出　　处：《疾病监测》2025年第1期49-55,共7页Disease Surveillance

摘　　要：目的了解2022年北京市霍乱流行病学和病原学特征。方法收集2022年北京市霍乱疫情病例的流行病学和临床资料,用描述性流行病学方法分析其特征;对有关外环境分离的霍乱弧菌,进行血清分型、实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测毒力基因、脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型和药敏实验。结果2022年北京市共报告12起霍乱疫情,涉及18例霍乱感染者,发病高峰在6-8月。分离到霍乱弧菌共24株,以O1群小川型霍乱弧菌为主(20株),其次为O1群稻叶型(3株)和O139群霍乱弧菌(1株),全部为非产毒株;头孢他啶的耐药率最高,达到25.00%,美罗培南、头孢噻肟、阿奇霉素、厄他培南、氯霉素和阿米卡星敏感率100.00%;24株菌PFGE分型为12个型别,其中15株菌PFGE分型聚集在3个型别中。结论霍乱在活动活跃人群中有季节性流行,北京市霍乱弧菌以非产毒株为主,有流行病学关联的菌株PFGE分型有一定的聚集性,提示应加强监测。Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cholera in Beijing in 2022.Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of cholera cases in Beijing in 2022 were collected for a descriptive analysis.Serotyping,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of virulence genes,pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE),and drug susceptibility tests were carried out for the Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera cases and from the external environment.Results In 2022,a total of 12 cholera outbreaks occurred in Beijing,in which 18 cases of cholera were reported.The incidence peak was during June-August.A total of 24 strains of V.cholerae were isolated,mainly V.cholerae O1(20 strains),followed by Inaba V.cholerae O1(3 strains)and V.cholerae O139(1 strain).All the V.cholerae isolates were non-virulent-producing strains.The resistance rate of the strains to ceftazidime was highest(25.00%),and the strains were all sensitive to meropenem,cefotaxime,azithromycin,ertapenem,chloramphenicol,amikacin.The 24 V.cholerae strains were divided into 12 types by PFGE,and 15 strains clustered in 3 PFGE types.Conclusion Seasonal epidemic of cholera in Beijing.V.cholerae isolates were mainly non-virulent.The strains isolated from the cases with epidemiological links had same PFGE type,indicating the necessity of strengthened surveillance.

关 键 词：霍乱弧菌 流行特征 血清型 脉冲场凝胶电泳分型 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R378.3