中国扶贫小额信贷支农发展历程、问题及对策  

Development Process,Problems and Countermeasures of Small Loans for Poverty Alleviation for Agriculture,Rural Areas,and Farmers in China

作　　者：陈思[1] 易智敏 肖斐 Chen Si;Yi Zhimin;Xiao Fei(College of Mathematics and Information,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong;College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong;Finance Department,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学数学与信息学院,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广东广州510642 [3]华南农业大学财务处,广东广州510642

出　　处：《农业展望》2024年第12期3-10,共8页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“风险规避视角下农户小额信贷‘户贷企用’的形成机理及政策优化研究”(23BJY161);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“风险偏好与农户小额信贷的‘自我排斥’研究”(22YJC790014);广东省哲社基金项目“农户风险规避、小额信贷目标偏移与政策优化研究”(GD21YYJ13);广东省哲社基金项目(GD23WTC04);广州市哲社基金项目(2020GZGJ76)。

摘　　要：扶贫小额信贷在中国打赢脱贫攻坚战伟大胜利中发挥着重要作用,也是新时代促进乡村振兴迈向共同富裕伟大新征程的重要金融支农举措。中国扶贫小额信贷支农大致经历了初始摸索期(1981—1992年)、试点运行期(1993—1996年)、拓展发展期(1996—2005年)、探索优化期(2005—2016年)、推广调整期(2017年以来)5个阶段,目前中国扶贫小额信贷在支农运行中日趋成熟、规范及运行有序,但面对新形势、新发展要求,扶贫小额信贷支农实践中存在扶贫小额信贷风险与坏账、供给与农户需求衔接不紧密、服务体系与技术支持建设不足等问题。促进中国扶贫小额信贷内涵式高质量发展,更好地服务于后脱贫时代乡村振兴以实现共同富裕发展目标,需进一步:创新产融结合机制,完善带贫减贫机制,有效规避扶贫小额信贷目标偏移;加强科技支撑与培训,创新风险管理手段,降低扶贫小额信贷管理风险;健全完善扶贫小额信贷政策供给,精准匹配农户需求,有效衔接乡村振兴发展新阶段需求。Small loans for poverty alleviation play an important role in winning the great victory of poverty alleviation in China,and is also an important financial support measure for agriculture in the new era to promote rural revitalization and the great new journey towards common prosperity.China's small loans for poverty alleviation agricultural support has roughly experienced five stages:initial exploration period(1981-1992),pilot operation period(1993-1996),expansion and development period(1996-2005),exploration and optimization period(2005-2016),and promotion and adjustment period(since 2017).At present,small loans for poverty alleviation for agriculture,rural areas,and farmers in China is increasingly mature,standardized and orderly in the operation of supporting agriculture,but in the face of the new situation and new development requirements,there are some problems in the practice of small loans for poverty alleviation supporting agriculture,rural areas,and farmers,such as microfinance risk and bad debt,supply and farmers'demand are not closely connected,and service system and technical support construction are insufficient.In order to promote the connotation and high-quality development of small loans for poverty alleviation in China,and better serve the rural revitalization in the post-poverty era to achieve the development goal of common prosperity,it is necessary to further:innovate the combination mechanism of industry and finance,improve the mechanism of poverty alleviation and poverty reduction,and effectively avoid the deviation of small loans for poverty alleviation goals;strengthen scientific and technological support and training,innovate risk management methods,and reduce the risk of small loans for poverty alleviation management;improve the supply of micro-credit policies,accurately match the needs of farmers,and effectively link up with the new stage of rural revitalization and development.

关 键 词：扶贫小额信贷 支农助农 产融结合 优化路径 

分 类 号：F832.43[经济管理—金融学] F323.8