基于农田氮磷平衡的红壤区农田环境友好型种植制度评价  

Evaluation of environment-friendly cropping systems in red soil areas based on farmland nitrogen and phosphorus balance

作　　者：洪曦[1] 宫殿林 曾希柏[3] 罗尊长[1] 郑超 汤春纯 李荣 吴培金 李俊 邓龙英 HONG Xi;GONG Dianlin;ZENG Xibai;LUO Zunchang;ZHENG Chao;TANG Chunchun;LI Rong;WU Peijin;LI Jun;DENG Longying(Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions,Changsha Research Station for Agricultural&Environmental Monitoring,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Hunan Xiangxi Tujiazu&Miaozu Autonomous Prefecture Ecological Environment Bureau,Jishou,Hunan 416500,China;Yueyang Agricultural Sciences Institute,National Agricultural Environment Observatory in Yueyang,Yueyang,Hunan 414000,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hanshou County,Hanshou,Hunan 415900,China;Agricultural Bureau of Nanxian County,Nanxian,Hunan 413200,China;Agricultural Bureau of Lixian County,Lixian,Hunan 415500,China;Agricultural Bureau of Guiyang County,Guiyang,Hunan 424400,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙农业环境观测研究站,湖南长沙410125 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]湘西土家族苗族自治州生态环境局,湖南吉首416500 [5]岳阳市农业科学研究院,国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站,湖南岳阳414000 [6]汉寿县农业农村局,湖南汉寿415900 [7]南县农业农村局,湖南南县413200 [8]澧县农业农村局,湖南澧县415500 [9]桂阳县农业农村局,湖南桂阳424400

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2025年第1期155-164,共10页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：湖南省土壤肥料研究所所长基金(2020tfs202);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2048);湖南省自然科学青年基金项目(2020JJ5319);湖南省农业科技创新项目(2024CX40)。

摘　　要：农业面源污染是当前中国农业可持续发展面临的重要挑战之一,合理的种植制度能够有效改善农业生态环境并提高农田的资源利用效率。为了探索适合湖南省红壤区的可持续农业种植模式,本研究基于湖南省10个国家级农田长期定位监测点的种植制度试验,选取了当地农民习惯施肥条件下的多种种植模式,包括:水稻-水稻-紫云英(RRC)、水稻-水稻-大麦(RRB)、水稻-水稻-冬闲(RRW)和水稻-水稻-油菜(RRO)4种双季稻模式;烤烟-水稻(RT)、水稻-冬闲(RW)和水稻-油菜(RO)3种一季稻模式;以及棉花-油菜(CR)、大豆-红薯(SS)和玉米-萝卜(MR)3种旱作模式。通过生态经济效益综合评价法,评估了不同种植制度的生态经济综合效益,旨在为湖南省农田种植制度的合理布局、提升农业生产效益和减少农业面源污染提供理论依据。研究结果表明:在10种模式中,RRC模式的综合得分最高,为0.734,其次为SS模式(0.675),RO模式和CR模式得分也较高,分别为0.666和0.670。得分最低的是RW模式(0.392)。因此,RRC模式被认为是红壤区兼顾经济和环境效益的最优种植制度,值得推广;而RW模式的生态经济效益最差,不建议农民采用。Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the key challenges facing the sustainable development of agriculture in China.A rational cropping system can effectively improve the agricultural ecological environment and enhance the resource utilization efficiency of farmland.To explore a sustainable agricultural model suitable for the red soil area of Hunan Province,this study selected a variety of cropping systems based on the customary fertilization practices of local farmers, using data from 10 national long-term cropland monitoring sites in Hunan Province. The selected cropping systems include four double-cropping rice models: rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch (RRC), rice-ricebarley (RRB), rice-rice-winter fallow (RRW), and rice-rice-rapeseed (RRO);three single-season rice models: ricetobacco (RT), rice-winter fallow (RW), and rice-rapeseed (RO);and three upland farming models: cotton-rapeseed (CR), soybean-sweet potato (SS), and corn-radish (MR). Using a comprehensive evaluation method of eco-economic beneffts, the ecological and economic beneffts of the different cropping systems were assessed. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for the rational layout of cropping systems, improving agricultural productivity, and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution in Hunan Province. The results showed that among the 10 models, the RRC model had the highest composite score of 0.734, followed by the SS model (0.675). The RO and CR models also had relatively high scores of 0.666 and 0.670, respectively. The lowest score was obtained by the RW model (0.392). Therefore, the RRC model is considered the optimal cropping system for balancing both economic and environmental beneffts in the red soil area and is recommended for promotion. In contrast, the RW model demonstrated the poorest eco-economic beneffts and is not recommended for adoption by farmers.

关 键 词：生态经济效益 长期定位监测试验 环境友好 种植制度 综合评价 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]