湖南典型水稻土施用有机肥比例对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer ratio on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in typical paddy soil in Hunan Province

作　　者：刘琼峰[1,3] 刘锋 谷雨[1,3] 陈鸽[1,3] 周峻宇 吴海勇 冯延召 LIU Qiongfeng;LIU Feng;GU Yu;CHEN Ge;ZHOU Junyu;WU Haiyong;FENG Yanzhao(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙410128 [4]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2025年第1期165-173,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：湖南省土壤肥料研究所所长基金项目(2020tfs102);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2020JJ4411)。

摘　　要：畜禽废弃物作为有机肥源,其替代化肥在提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率方面具有潜力。本研究通过盆栽试验,选取湖南省主要成土母质发育的水稻土,研究在等氮条件下,不同比例的牛粪有机肥(30%、50%、60%、75%、100%)与化肥配施对水稻产量及氮素吸收的影响。结果表明,砂岩风化物、河湖沉积物、板页岩风化物发育的水稻土在牛粪有机肥替代比例为60%、75%、30%时稻谷产量最高,差异具有显著性;花岗岩风化物和砂岩风化物发育的水稻土,施用75%牛粪+化肥的处理显示最高的氮素收获指数;石灰岩风化物水稻土施用60%牛粪+化肥、第四纪红色粘土水稻土施用50%或100%牛粪+化肥时,氮素收获指数最高;板页岩风化物水稻土施用30%牛粪+化肥时,氮素吸收效率最高;花岗岩风化物和河湖沉积物发育的水稻土施用75%牛粪+化肥时,氮素利用效率最高;砂岩风化物、河湖沉积物、板页岩风化物发育水稻土的氮素偏生产力分别在60%、75%、30%牛粪+化肥配施时最高,且差异显著。研究表明,湖南典型成土母质发育的水稻土施用不同比例牛粪有机肥对水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响存在差异,因此,稻田中适宜的氮肥有机肥替代比例应考虑土壤成土母质的差异。As a source of organic fertilizer,livestock and poultry waste has the potential to replace chemical fertilizers in improving rice yield and nitrogen use efffciency.In this study,a pot experiment was conducted using paddy soils from Hunan Province developed from different parent materials,to investigate the effects of various proportions of cow manure organic fertilizer(30%,50%,60%,75%,and 100%)combined with chemical fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen absorption under equal nitrogen conditions.The results showed that rice yield was highest when the cow manure organic fertilizer substitution ratio was 60%,75%,and 30%in paddy soils developed from sandstone weathering,river and lake sediments,and shale weathering,respectively,with significant differences.The nitrogen harvest index was highest with the 75%cow manure+chemical fertilizer treatment in paddy soils developed from granite weathering and sandstone weathering.The highest nitrogen harvest index in limestone weathering paddy soils was observed with 60%cow manure+chemical fertilizer,while in Quaternary red clay paddy soils,the highest nitrogen harvest index was observed with 50%or 100%cow manure+chemical fertilizer.The highest nitrogen absorption efffciency was achieved with the 30%cow manure+chemical fertilizer treatment in paddy soils developed from shale weathering.The highest nitrogen use efffciency was found in paddy soils developed from granite weathering and river lake sediment with the 75% cow manure + chemical fertilizer treatment. The nitrogen partial productivity was highest at the 60%, 75%, and 30% cow manure + chemical fertilizer ratios for paddy soils developed from sandstone weathering, river and lake sediments, and shale weathering, respectively, with significant differences. The study shows that the effects of different proportions of cow manure organic fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization vary across paddy soils developed from typical soil parent materials in Hunan Province. Therefore, the suitable organic replacemen

关 键 词：成土母质 水稻土 牛粪有机肥 水稻产量 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]