南方典型污染稻田与旱地土壤镉砷活性影响因素研究  

The inffuencing factors of cadmium and arsenic activities in typical paddy and adjacent upland soils in southern China

作　　者：文琦仁 张泉 田倩 李波[2] 王建伟 马天池 陈海飞 WEN Qiren;ZHANG Quan;TIAN Qian;LI Bo;WANG Jianwei;MA Tianchi;CHEN Haifei(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2025年第1期182-193,共12页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：湖南省重点研发项目(2023SK2066);湖南省科技创新计划资助(2024RC3179);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ40646)。

摘　　要：我国南方地区的稻田和旱地土壤普遍受到镉(Cd)和砷(As)复合污染,严重影响土壤质量和农作物生长。因此,研究土壤Cd和As的活性及其影响因素具有重要的环境和农业意义。本研究以紫色砂岩、砂砾岩、石灰岩、板页岩和第四纪红土发育的18对稻田与邻近旱地土壤为对象,比较分析其有效态Cd和As、关键理化指标及优势微生物类群等差异。结果表明,稻田土壤中Cd、As的有效性与土壤总Cd、总As显著相关(r=0.74,r=0.78;P<0.01),而旱地土壤中Cd、As的有效性则与土壤pH、总As及全磷显著相关(r=0.45,r=0.61,r=-0.55;P<0.05)。稻田与旱地土壤在门属水平上的优势微生物类群及其功能分析显示,不同母质的稻田土壤之间微生物类群相似,且与亚硝酸盐氧化、铁还原和固氮过程相关;而板页岩、石灰岩和第四纪红土的旱地土壤主要与铁还原和硫氧化过程相关。回归分析表明,稻田Cd、As活性的主要影响微生物是硫氧化菌(Sulfopaludibacter)和铁还原菌(Pedosphaera);旱地土壤则主要受反硝化菌(Steroidobacter)和厌氧粘菌(Anaeromyxobacter)的影响。RDA分析结果表明,土壤pH、土壤总As、有效态铁、有效态硫是影响优势微生物类群相对丰度及其功能的关键环境因子。综上所述,通过调控土壤的关键理化性质以及参与土壤氮、铁、硫循环过程的优势微生物相对丰度和功能,可以为降低稻田与旱地土壤中的Cd和As活性提供理论依据,并为我国南方Cd和As复合污染土壤的修复提供重要参考。Paddy and upland soils in the southern regions of China are commonly contaminated by a complex of cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As),which severely affects soil quality and crop growth.Therefore,studying the bioavailability of Cd and As and their inffuencing factors is of great environmental and agricultural signiffcance.In this study,18 pairs of paddy and neighboring upland soils developed from purple sandstone,gravel,limestone,slate shale,and quaternary laterite were compared to analyze differences in the availability of Cd and As,key physicochemical properties,and dominant microbial taxa.The results showed that the availability of Cd and As in paddy soils was signiffcantly correlated with the total soil Cd and As content(r=0.74,r=0.78;P<0.01).In contrast,the availability of Cd and As in upland soils was signiffcantly correlated with soil pH,total As,and total phosphorus content(r=0.45,r=0.61,r=-0.55;P<0.05).Analysis of the microbial community structure at the phylum level revealed that the microbial taxa in paddy soils with different parent materials were similar,with associations to processes such as nitrite oxidation,iron reduction,and nitrogen ffxation.On the other hand,microbial communities in upland soils derived from slate shale,limestone,and quaternary laterite were mainly associated with iron reduction and sulfur oxidation processes.Regression analysis indicated that the primary microorganisms inffuencing the bioavailability of Cd and As in paddy soils were sulfur-oxidizing bacteria(e.g.,Sulfopaludibacter)and iron-reducing bacteria(e.g.,Pedosphaera),while in upland soils,denitrifying bacteria(e.g.,Steroidobacter)and anaerobic slime molds(e.g.,Anaeromyxobacter)were the key drivers.Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that soil pH,total As,active Fe,and active sulfur content were key environmental factors inffuencing the relative abundance and functions of dominant microbial taxa.In summary,regulating the key physicochemical properties of soils and the relative abundance and functions of dominant microorganisms invo

关 键 词：稻田 旱地 镉(CD) 砷(As) 微生物群落结构 优势微生物 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]