中国猕猴桃属植物的地理分布与利用:以考古发现遗存为中心  

Geographical distribution of Actinidia plants and its utilization:An archeobotanical perspective

作　　者：屈亚婷 杨晗 郭艳利 金普军[3] 周秦汉 Qu Yating;Yang Han;GuoYanli;Jin Pujun;Zhou Qinhan(Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development,Shaanxi Normal University,710119;School of History and Civilization,Shaanxi Normal University,710119;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi Normal University,710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,陕西西安710119 [2]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119 [3]陕西师范大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2025年第1期28-40,97,共14页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字时代的中国西部环境变化中人的作用研究”(22JJD770020);国家社会科学基金项目“关中东部商代考古资料的整理与研究”(15BKG010);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“唐代安仁坊猕猴桃植物遗存的考古发现及意义”(24ZYYB008)。

摘　　要：一般认为,猕猴桃属(Actinidia)植物的栽培与驯化起源于20世纪初从我国引种的新西兰。然而,我国作为猕猴桃的原产国与分布中心,对猕猴桃的利用有着悠久的历史。深入探索我国历史上猕猴桃的地理分布与利用方式,有助于了解我国猕猴桃的社会文化演化过程。目前,我国考古遗址出土猕猴桃炭化种子的年代从旧石器时代晚期延续至明代,且集中分布于长江中下游与黄河中下游南部地区,表明从事多元化生业经济的先民已较广泛地利用猕猴桃属植物。结合历史文献记载等,先民对猕猴桃属植物的利用存在多种方式,如果食、药用、酿酒、家畜饲养、造纸、园林景观等。此外,先民在长期利用过程中逐渐掌握了猕猴桃属植物的生长习性与生理特征,为其可能存在的栽培与驯化积累了经验。It is generally believed that the Actinidia plants were cultivated and domesticated in New Zealand after being introduced from China in the early 2oth century.While,China is the original home and central distribution of Actinidia plants,and there is a long history of Actinidia plants utilization.Hence,exploring the geographical distribution and utilization of Actinidia plants will provide important basis for further understanding their social and cultural evolution in China.Currently,it finds that the Actinidia remains from archaeological sites aged from the late Upper Paleolithic period to the Ming Dynasty.And it shows the Actinidia plants were more frequently utilized by population settling in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southern middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River,where the people engaged in diversified subsistence strategies.Combined with various literature records,this paper finds that the multiple functions of Actinidia plants were utilized by humans,such as fruits,herbal medicines,fermented beverages,animal husbandry,material for papermaking and horticultural plants,and so on.In addition,humans gradually learned the knowledge of growth habits and physiological characteristics of Actinidia plants after longterm utilization,which laid the foundations for their cultivation and domestication.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 考古发现 时空分布 利用方式 社会文化 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]