论“正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度及其一般化  

Buyer in Ordinary Course of Business and its Generalization

作　　者：董学立 DONG Xueli(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《法学论坛》2025年第1期104-118,共15页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“民法典动产担保物权法的解释研究”(24BFX056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：出卖人“正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度,始出于《物权法》,貌似缘起浮动抵押制度,实则源于出卖人“正常经营活动中”出售行为的特质身份。我国《民法典》对出卖人“正常经营活动中”买受人保护制度的承继与发展,使得买受人保护制度得以分类为出卖人“正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度和出卖人“非正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度。出卖人“非正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度,即传统的“善意取得”保护制度。出卖人“正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度,虽根植于《民法典》担保物权法,但其适用范围应可以扩大到整个民商法领域,此即其“一般化”:包括但不限于《民法典》第404条“正常经营活动中”的买受人保护制度,《民法典》第312条“具有经营资格的经营者”的买受人保护制度,“金钱债权执行”中“房地产开发企业名下的商品房”买受人保护制度,“金融机构开立保函或者担保公司提供担保”的买受人保护制度,以及“金融机构的分支机构开立保函”的买受人保护制度等。Buyer in ordinary course of business, which is rooted in security law, has its own institutional logic. It is based on the special position of seller in the ordinary course of business rather than floating lien. Civil Code adopts this rule and the buyer protecting system could be divided into "in ordinary course of business" and "not in the ordinary course of business". Protection system of buyer not in the ordinary course of business is traditional system of bona fide acquisition. Protection system of buyer in the ordinary course of business should not be limited to security law but expanding its scope of application, which is generalization of buyer in the ordinary course of business. It includes but not limited to buy in in the ordinary course of business of Article 404 in Civil Code, buyer in business of qualified trader of Article 312 in Civil Code, buyer protecting of "commodity housing under real estate enterprise's name" in enforcement of monetary claim and buyer protecting of financial institution issuing independent letter of guarantees or guarantee company providing guarantees.

关 键 词：正常经营活动中 买受人保护制度 一般化 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]