行政法总则中的“数字条款”  

"Digital Clauses" in the General Principles of Administrative Law

作　　者：王青斌 赵豪 WANG Qingbin;ZHAO Hao(Institute of Rule of Law Government,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China;Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院,中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《法学论坛》2025年第1期119-129,共11页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“行政法总则制定的理论与实践问题研究”(21&ZD191)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字化行政兼具实体和程序双重意义,现有行政法治体系在范围上无法匹配数字化行政的实践场景,侧重于推动数字化行政的普及而对其风险预期不足,缺乏与数字化行政机制相对应的制度生命力。在制定行政法总则时,通过“数字条款”的确立,既可以从法治角度完善数字政府转型过程中的顶层制度设计,也可以回应由数字化行政所带来的法治风险,还可以创造与数字化行政相匹配的制度发展空间。在具体的确立路径中,“数字条款”应当设置在行政法总则的“一般规定”章节中,并围绕行政法主体和行政活动两方面展开规范建构。一方面要厘清在应用数字化工具的情况下行政活动的责任归属,申述相对人在此类场景中的重要权利;另一方面要划定数字化工具对行政活动的参与边界,并强调行政机关利用数字化工具开展行政活动的程序性要求。Digital administration has both physical and procedural significance simultaneously. The existing administrative rule of law system cannot match the practical scenarios of digital administration in terms of scope. Secondly, it attaches particular importance on promoting the popularization of digital administration but lacking sufficient risk expectations. Thirdly, there is a dearth of vitality of system to echo digital administrative mechanisms.When formulating the General Principles of Administrative Law, the establishment of "digital clauses" can not only perfect the top—down design system during the digital government transformation from the perspective of the rule of law, but also faces the legal risks arisen from digital administration, and bring about system development space that is perfectly in harmony with digital administration.In the detailed path to establishment, "digital clauses" should be stated in the "General Provisions" chapter of the General Principles of Administrative Law, and norms should be conceived revolving round the administrative law subjects and administrative activities. On the one hand, it is necessary to confirm clearly who hold accountable for administrative activities when digital tools are put to use, and to declare the important rights of the counterparty in such scenarios. On the other hand, it is necessary to delineate the scope within which digital tools can participate in administrative activities and emphasize the procedural requirements for administrative agencies to carry out administrative activities using digital tools.

关 键 词：数字化行政 行政法典 行政法总则 数字法治政府 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]