企业数据交易的阶梯式规则构建  

Construction of Distinctive Rules for Enterprise Data Transactions

作　　者：姬蕾蕾 JI Leilei(Academy for China's Rule-of-Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《法学论坛》2025年第1期143-154,共12页Legal Forum

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“数据交易的规则构建研究”(23YJC820014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：企业数据的权益归属不清、客体范围未定、权益定价不明成为数据交易面临的实践难题,亟需建立契合数据要素市场的数据交易制度。企业数据交易的持续性、非排他性决定了其交易规则设计应是集交易活动与数据处理活动于一体的阶梯式结构。隐私政策作为企业数据交易的前置规则,具有内部治理与外部监管的双重功效,可在个人、企业以及第三方监管部门之间形成完整的数据合规框架。数据集合作为数据价值生成机制的中间状态,因其上承载个人信息,故企业对数据集合享有有限排他权,这决定了其流通模式是许可使用,客体范围以“算法性+合法性”限定,权益定价规则根据数据类型、具体场景适用差异化的定价机制。数据产品是数据价值生成机制的最终形态,企业依原始取得获取数据产品的所有权,这决定其流通模式为许可使用和转让,客体范围以“算法性+独立性”限定,权益定价规则以预期收益为基准,并借助第三方专业机构评估,以确保其定价的客观性和准确性。The unclear ownership of enterprise data rights and interests, the scope of objects and the pricing of rights and interests have become practical problems faced by data transactions, and it is urgent to establish a data transaction system that conforms to the data factor market. The continuity and non-exclusivity of enterprise data transactions determine that the design of its transaction rules should be a stepped structure integrating transaction activities and data processing activities. As the pre-rule of enterprise data transaction, privacy policy has the dual effect of internal governance and external supervision, and can form a complete data compliance framework among individuals, enterprises and third-party regulatory authorities. As the intermediate state of the data value generation mechanism, the data collection carries personal information, so the enterprise has limited exclusive rights to the data collection, which determines that its circulation mode is permitted use, the object scope is limited by "algorithmic + legitimacy", and the pricing rules of rights apply differentiated pricing mechanisms according to the data type and specific scenarios. Data products are the final form of data value generation mechanism. Enterprises acquire the ownership of data products based on original acquisition, which determines that their circulation mode is licensed use and transfer, the scope of objects is limited by "algorithmic + independence", and the pricing rules of equity are based on expected returns and evaluated by third-party professional organizations to ensure the objectivity and accuracy of pricing.

关 键 词：数据要素市场 隐私政策 交易规则 数据集合 数据产品 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]