黔南平塘深部岩溶塌陷调查与机理分析  

Investigation and Mechanism Analysis of Deep Karst Collapse in Ping Tang,Qian Nan,China

作　　者：廖有斌 刘宏[2] 吴雨航 LIAO Youbin;LIU Hong;WU Yuhang(School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《土工基础》2025年第1期101-107,共7页Soil Engineering and Foundation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3003300);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般127)。

摘　　要：以贵州省黔南州岩溶强烈发育区为研究背景,对研究区已知的8处塌陷点进行调查分析。通过调查塌陷点附近的地下暗河与溶洞分布的关系、塌陷体规模、溶洞顶板岩性与岩体结构等,总结出深部岩溶基岩塌陷发育特征及塌陷机理。研究结果表明:①研究区的深部岩溶塌陷多发生在断裂构造发育地带,塌陷区溶蚀裂隙和下伏溶洞均较发育,塌陷位置受地下暗河影响且塌陷规模受结构面控制;②根据溶洞顶板岩性及岩体结构,此类塌陷模式可归纳为岩溶顶板破碎型重力致塌和岩溶顶板结构面贯穿型重力致塌;③岩体下伏溶洞的埋深决定了塌陷的深度,溶洞顶板岩体的破碎程度及结构面的发育情况影响着顶板的稳定性,深切溶蚀结构面发育的情况下,溶洞顶板的稳定性低,易诱发岩溶塌陷。A well-developed karst development area in Qian Nan Prefecture,Guizhou Province was selected as the research back-ground.A total of eight known collapse sites in the study area were investigated and analyzed.By investigating the relationship between the underground dark river and the distribution of karstic rock caves near the collapse sites,the scale of the collapse body,the lithology of the top plate of the caves and the structure of the rock body,etc.,we summarize the development characteristics of the deep karst bedrock collapse and the mechanism of the collapse.The results show that:(1)the deep karst subsidence in the study area occurs mostly in the area of fracture tectonic development,the subsidence area is more developed in the dissolution fissure and subducting cav-ern,and the subsidence location is affected by the underground dark river and the subsidence scale is controlled by the structural sur-face;(2)according to the lithology of the cavern roof plate and the structure of the rock body,this kind of subsidence mode can be summarized into the gravity collapse of the crushing type of the karst roof plate and the gravity collapse of the penetration type of the karst roof structural surface;(3)the subsidence mechanism of the deep karst bedrock is summarized as follows.The depth of the sub-ducted cavern determines the depth of collapse,the degree of fragmentation of the rock body and the development of the structural sur-face of the cavern roof affects the stability of the roof,and the low stability of the cavern roof is easy to induce the karst collapse when the deep-cut dissolution structural surface is developed.Through the study of this kind of collapse,we have a deeper un-derstanding of the development characteristics and collapse mechanism of deep karst collapse,which will provide some reference for the subsequent collapse earlywarning work.

关 键 词：深部岩溶 重力致塌 塌陷机理 溶洞顶板 稳定性 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]