制造“阶梯人”:现代秩序的生产方式  

Creating“Ladder Climbers”:The Production Mode of Modern Order

作　　者：张乾友[1] Zhang Qian-you

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《理论与改革》2025年第2期104-113,187,188,共12页Theory and Reform

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“国家治理中的非预期结果及其应对研究”(23AZZ013);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2022SJZD078)。

摘　　要：现代社会崇尚平等,所以不能接受传统的等级秩序,而希望将人与人间的平等作为所有社会建构的逻辑出发点;现代社会又崇尚进步,鼓励所有人都不断超越自我、超越他人,并在对自我与他人的超越中推动社会进步。在进步的名义下,现代治理摧毁了等级制,而在等级制的废墟上重建起了一种复杂的社会阶梯,并诱使人们沿着阶梯不断攀爬,以此来证明自己促进了社会的进步。在这个过程中,现代人被塑造为一种“阶梯人”,而制造“阶梯人”也成了现代秩序的生产方式。“阶梯人”是一种具有量的自主性的个人,可以通过对量的生产来改变自己的社会处境;当所有人都意识到这一点,他们就不可避免地卷入了普遍的量的竞争;当量的竞争结束,量的差异就转化成了质的差异,在量的竞争的优胜者与失败者之间就形成了一种新的质的差异,而社会秩序也由此得以被生产出来。The modern society values equality,thus rejecting traditional hierarchical orders and establishing equality between individuals as the logical foundation of all social constructs.Simultaneously,modern society celebrates progress,encouraging everyone to continuously transcend themselves and others,thereby driving social advancement through such transcendence.In the name of progress,modern governance has dismantled hierarchical systems,only to erect a complex social ladder upon their ruins.This system entices individuals to perpetually climb this ladder as proof of their contribution to social advancement.Through this process,modern individuals are molded into“ladder climbers”and the creation of such figures has become the production mode of modern social order.The"ladder climber"represents an individual with quantitative autonomy,capable of altering his social status through quantitative production.When this realization becomes universal,people inevitably engage in widespread quantitative competition.Upon the end of this quantitative contest,differences in quantity transform into qualitative distinctions.A new qualitative hierarchy emerges between the winners and losers of quantitative competition,through which social order is ultimately manufactured.

关 键 词：治理 等级 社会阶梯 社会进步 秩序 竞争 

分 类 号：C912.8[经济管理]