基于子阵列的大规模ISAC系统混合波束赋形设计  

Hybrid Beamforming Design for Subarray-based Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems

作　　者：郭鸿儒 郭应鸿 顾忆宵 夏斌[1] GUO Hongru;GUO Yinghong;GU Yixiao;XIA Bin(School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Communication and Information Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,上海200240 [2]上海大学通信与信息工程学院,上海200444

出　　处：《电讯技术》2025年第3期429-436,共8页Telecommunication Engineering

摘　　要：通信感知一体化(Integrated Sensing and Communication,ISAC)系统可以将通信感知功能有机融合,以取得更高的频谱效率和硬件利用率,但传统的大规模集中式天线阵列在平面波假设下无法提供距离维增益,且其混合波束赋形设计为非凸优化问题,仍是具有挑战性的难题。为此,提出了一种基于子阵列的混合波束赋形设计方案,在较低的硬件复杂度下通过扩展球面波区域范围提供距离维增益,以在满足感知性能约束和发射功率预算的前提下最大化通信速率。首先提出了一种基于分式规划和最优化最小化方法的算法,将非凸优化问题转化为凸问题后迭代求解得到一个联合波束赋形矩阵;进而提出一种基于流形优化和最小二乘法的算法,迭代求解后将其分解为数字/模拟波束赋形矩阵。仿真结果表明,基于子阵列的算法相较于集中式阵列能够获得更多的距离维信息和感知自由度,通信性能提升40%,且流形优化后混合波束赋形方案能够很好地逼近联合优化的数字波束赋形方案的性能。Integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)systems aim to organically merge communication and sensing functionalities to achieve higher spectral efficiency and hardware utilization.However,traditional large-scale centralized antenna arrays,under the assumption of planar waves,cannot provide range-dimensional gain,and their hybrid beamforming design presents a non-convex optimization problem,which remains a challenging issue.To address this,a hybrid beamforming design scheme based on sub-arrays is proposed.It offers range-dimensional gain by extending the spherical wave region with lower hardware complexity.The objective is to maximize communication rates under the constraints of sensing performance and transmission power budget.Initially,an algorithm based on fractional programming and optimization minimization methods is introduced,which transforms the non-convex optimization problem into a convex one and iteratively solves to obtain a joint beamforming matrix.Subsequently,a manifold optimization and least squares-based algorithm is proposed,which iteratively solves and decomposes the solution into digital/analog beamforming matrices.Simulation results indicate that the sub-array-based algorithm,compared with centralized arrays,can obtain more range-dimensional information and sensing degrees of freedom,improving communication performance by 40%.Moreover,after manifold optimization,the hybrid beamforming scheme closely approximates the performance of the jointly optimized digital beamforming scheme.

关 键 词：通信感知一体化(ISAC) 大规模天线 混合波束赋形 分式规划 流形优化 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统]