不同年龄段急性酒精中毒住院患者流行病学及临床特征  

Epidemiological and Clinical Characterization of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Different Age Groups

作　　者：王文谦 袁丁[1] 张岩[1] 侯林林 高艳霞[1] WANG Wenqian;YUAN Ding;ZHANG Yan;HOU Linlin;GAO Yanxia(Department of Emergency Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院急诊医学部,河南省中毒类疾病医学重点实验室,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2025年第5期783-789,共7页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的探究不同年龄段急性酒精中毒住院患者流行病学情况及院前症状、并发症相关情况,为院前救治急性酒精中毒患者提供参考。方法回顾性分析了2011—2022年郑州大学第一附属医院收治住院的急性酒精中毒患者235例,根据年龄分为未成年组、成年组、老年组,对3组患者间一般资料、院前症状和合并症情况进行对比。结果急性酒精中毒住院患者主要为男性(81.70%),年龄中位数为37(27,48)岁,主要为中度中毒(65.11%)和重度中毒(28.09%),住院时间中位数为2(1,6)d。急性酒精中毒患者院前症状中前5位为意识障碍(62.55%)、呕吐(47.66%)、呼吸困难(22.98%)、精神症状(17.02%)、共济失调(14.89%)。急性酒精中毒患者并发症中前5位为代谢紊乱(40.85%)、肺部感染(27.66%)、外伤(22.13%)、肝功能损伤(16.60%)、消化道出血(12.94%)。不同年龄段患者中,老年患者重度中毒比率高于未成年与成年患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。未成年患者院前症状主要为意识障碍,成年患者并发症中较其他年龄段患者更容易出现外伤,老年患者较其他年龄段患者院前症状中更容易出现意识障碍、低血压、皮肤/口唇发绀,并发症中更容易出现消化道出血、心肌损伤、肺部感染、呼吸衰竭,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同年龄段急性酒精中毒住院患者临床特征不一,未成年患者院前发生意识障碍比率高,老年患者院前容易发生意识、循环障碍,更容易合并呼吸、消化系统疾病,院前救治时要重点关注未成年及老年人的意识循环状况。Objective To explore the epidemiological situation and prehospital symptoms and comorbidities related to acute alcohol intoxication in hospitalized patients of different age groups,and to provide reference for prehospital rescue of acute alcohol intoxication patients.Methods A total of 235 patients with acute alcohol intoxication admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2011 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the minor group,adult group,and elderly group according to their ages,and the general data,prehospital symptoms and comorbidities were compared among the three groups of patients.Results Patients hospitalized with acute alcohol intoxication were predominantly male(81.70%),with a median age of 37(27,48)years,predominantly moderately intoxicated(65.11%)and severely intoxicated(28.09%),and with a median number of days in hospital of 2(1,6)days.The top five pre-hospital symptoms in patients with acute alcohol intoxication were impaired consciousness(62.55%),vomiting(47.66%),dyspnea(22.98%),psychiatric symptoms(17.02%),and ataxia(14.89%).The top five comorbidities in patients with acute alcohol intoxication were metabolic disorders(40.85%),pulmonary infection(27.66%),trauma(22.13%),hepatic impairment(16.60%),and gastrointestinal bleeding(12.94%).Among patients of different age groups,the proportion of severe poisoning was higher in elderly patients than in underage and adult patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The prehospital symptoms of minor patients were mainly impaired consciousness,and trauma was more likely to occur among the comorbidities of adult patients than those of other age groups,and impaired consciousness,hypotension,and cyanosis of the skin/lips were more likely to occur among the prehospital symptoms of elderly patients than those of other age groups,and gastrointestinal hemorrhage,cardiac muscle injury,lung infection,and respiratory failure were more likely to occur among the comorbidities,and the difference was stat

关 键 词：急性酒精中毒 年龄 并发症 院前急救 

分 类 号：R595.6[医药卫生—内科学]