恩格斯“两种生产”理论是“依次决定论”吗?——基于“社会关系”视角的研究  

Is Engels’Theory of“Two Kinds of Production”the“Sequential Determinism”?——A Study Based on the Perspective of“Social Relationships”

作　　者：黄旭[1] HUANG Xu(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《甘肃理论学刊》2025年第1期72-81,共10页Gansu Theory Research

摘　　要：关于恩格斯“两种生产”理论的解读中,“依次决定论”的解读范式在学术界产生了很大影响,它主张物质生产和人自身的生产依次对历史发展起决定作用。然而,这一观点偏离了《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中“两种生产”理论的原意。恩格斯明确指出,尽管物质生产和人自身的生产是“历史中的决定性因素”,但真正制约人类社会制度演进的是这两种生产的社会关系——血族关系与经济关系。具体而言,血族关系在原始社会中占据主导地位,而随着物质生产的进步,经济关系逐渐取代血族关系,成为阶级社会发展的支配力量。物质生产和经济关系的发展是推动这一转变的根本动力,其“归根到底”的决定性作用贯穿于整个人类历史进程,而人自身的生产和血族关系只有在原始社会阶段,并表现为物质资料生产和经济关系的特殊形式才能发挥同等意义上的作用。辨析“依次决定论”对恩格斯“两种生产”理论的误解,为探索晚年恩格斯的思想动向和理解唯物史观的整体面貌提供了重要的研究视角。In the interpretation of Engels’theory of“two kinds of production”,the paradigm of“sequential determinism”has had a great influence in the academic world,which advocates that material production and man’s own production play a decisive role in the development of history in a sequential manner.This view,however,is a significant departure from the original intent of the theory of“two kinds of production”in The Origins of the Family,Private Ownership and the State.Engels makes it clear that although material production and man’s own production are“decisive factors in history”,but what truly constrains the evolution of human social systems are these two social relations of production——blood relations and economic relations.Specifically,blood relations were dominant in primitive societies,while with the progress of material production,economic relations gradually replaced blood relations as the dominant force in the development of class society.The development of material production and economic relations is the fundamental driving force of this transformation,and its“ultimately”decisive role has been played throughout the course of human history,whereas the production of human beings themselves and the blood relations can play an equal role only at the stage of primitive society and manifested themselves in special forms of material production and economic relations.Analysing the misunderstanding of Engels’theory of“two kinds of production”by“sequential determinism”provides a research perspective for exploring the trend of Engels’thought in his later years and for understanding the overall picture of the materialist conception of history.

关 键 词：“两种生产”理论 依次决定论 社会关系 唯物史观 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]