不同腐熟有机物料结构及组分差异分析  

Analysis of Structure and Composition Differences of Different Decomposed Organic Materials

作　　者：丁建莉 李沛 魏丹 DING Jianli;LI Pei;WEI Dan(Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《肥料与健康》2024年第6期53-60,85,共9页Fertilizer & Health

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2002103);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202132);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230422、KJCX20240505);现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队“密云综合试验站”(BAIC08-2023-SYZ01)。

摘　　要：为实现农业废弃物的精准高质利用,采用三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs)法、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)法、电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)法,测定了鸡粪、牛粪、菌渣、秸秆等堆肥腐熟物料的结构及组分。SEM-EDS分析显示:堆肥腐熟物料均具有疏松多孔结构、整体破碎、表面粗糙的特征,相对丰度较高的元素为C、O,不同堆肥腐熟物料的元素原子百分占比及种类存在差异。FT-IR分析表明:鸡粪堆肥腐熟物料中脂肪族物质含量较高,其次是碳水化合物;牛粪、菌渣、秸秆等堆肥腐熟物料中碳水化合物类物质含量较高,其次是脂肪类物质;菌渣和鸡粪堆肥腐熟物料中芳香类官能团的含量高于牛粪和秸秆堆肥腐熟物料的;秸秆堆肥腐熟物料的官能团最丰富。3D-EEMs分析表明:不同堆肥腐熟物料的溶解性有机质(DOM)中类腐殖质物质含量均较高,鸡粪和菌渣堆肥腐熟物料中几乎不含类蛋白类物质;不同堆肥腐熟物料的物质结构及官能团含量存在显著差异。明确农业有机废弃物堆肥腐熟物料的结构、组分特征、元素组成、官能团类型,揭示腐熟物料作用效果差异的本质,对指导有机废弃物精准高质利用、开发有机肥料新产品具有重要的意义。In order to realize accurate and high-quality utilization of agricultural waste,the structure and components of decomposed materials orignated from chicken manure,cow manure,mushroom residue and straw are determined by three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry(3D-EEMs),Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FT-IR)and electron microscope energy spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).SEM-EDS analysis shows that the decomposed materials have the characteristics of loose porous structure,overall fragmentation and rough surface.The elements with high relative abundance are C and O.The atomic percentage and types of elements in different decomposted materials are different.FT-IR analysis shows that the content of aliphatic substances in chicken manure decomposed material is higher,followed by carbohydrates;the content of carbohydrates in cow manure,mushroom residue,straw decomposed materials is higher,followed by fatty substances;the content of aromatic functional groups in mushroom residue and chicken manure decomposed materials is higher than that in cow manure and straw decomposed materials;the functional groups of straw decomposed material are the most abundant.3D-EEMs analysis shows that the content of humus-like substances in dissolved organic matter(DOM)of different decomposted materials is higher,and there are almost no protein-like substances in chicken manure and mushroom residue decomposed materials;the material structure and functional group content of different decomposed materials are significantly different.It is of great significance to clarify the structure,component characteristics,element composition and functional group types of decomposted materials of agricultural organic wastes,and to reveal the essence of the difference in the effect of decomposted materials,which can guide the precise and high-quality utilization of organic wastes and the development of new organic fertilizer products.

关 键 词：腐熟有机物料 水溶性有机物 三维荧光光谱 傅里叶变换红外光谱 组分差异 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]