中国大气PM_(2.5)污染改善对儿童下呼吸道感染死亡风险的影响  

Impact of improved atmospheric PM_(2.5)pollution on children's respiratory health in China

作　　者：董妍君 王若涵 鲁鸿 康宁 佟明坤 薛涛 DONG Yanjun;WANG Ruohan;LU Hong;KANG Ning;TONG Mingkun;XUE Tao(Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,生育健康研究所/国家卫生健康委生育健康重点实验室,北京100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京100191

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(医学版)》2025年第1期62-67,共6页Journal of Lanzhou University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3708304);国家科技重大专项项目(2024ZD0524102)。

摘　　要：目的探讨大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))的疾病负担及污染水平改善对儿童下呼吸道的健康收益,测算2013—2023年间归因于大气PM_(2.5)的儿童下呼吸道感染死亡人数。方法本研究以5岁以下儿童为研究对象,采用目前先进的全球疾病负担研究的风险评估方法和暴露反应关系,利用网格化的污染浓度数据和人口数据,计算PM_(2.5)的归因风险比和归因死亡人数。结果2013—2023年,中国人口加权的PM_(2.5)浓度显著下降,并由此导致归因于PM_(2.5)的5岁以下儿童下呼吸道感染死亡人数大幅降低。归因于PM_(2.5)的儿童下呼吸道感染死亡人数由2013年的3496人(95%CI:[2526,4619])降至2023年的592人(95%CI:[385,845])。归因死亡人数存在明显的地区分布差异,其中河南、山东、河北等省份的疾病负担情况常年位居全国前列。随着PM_(2.5)污染水平降低,各省份间的差异逐渐缩小。结论PM_(2.5)污染状况的改善极大地减轻了5岁以下儿童下呼吸道感染的疾病负担。Objective To explore the disease burden of ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and the health benefits of pollution reduction for children by estimating the number of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections(LRTI)attributable to PM_(2.5)among children from 2013 to 2023.Methods This study focused on children under 5 years old and adopted the advanced risk assessment methods and exposure-response relationships from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)study.Using gridded pollution concentration data and population data,the attributable risk fraction and attributable deaths due to PM_(2.5)were calculated.Results From 2013 to 2023,the population-weighted PM_(2.5)concentration in China decreased significantly,resulting in a substantial reduction in the number of deaths from LRTI attributable to PM_(2.5)among children under 5.The number of attributable deaths decreased from 3400(95%Confidence Interval,CI:[2500,4600])in 2013 to 600(95%CI:[400,800])in 2023.There were notable regional differences in attributable deaths,with provinces such as Henan,Shandong,and Hebei consistently ranking among the highest in disease burden.However,as PM_(2.5)pollution levels decreased,the disparities between provinces gradually narrowed.Conclusions The improvement in PM_(2.5)pollution has significantly reduced the disease burden of lower respiratory tract infections among children under 5 years old.

关 键 词：下呼吸道感染 疾病负担 大气细颗粒物 儿童 污染改善的健康收益 死亡人数 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]