水库建设对河道水温及生态环境的影响研究进展  

Research Progress on the Impacts of Reservoir Construction on River Water Temperature and Ecological Environment

作　　者：王思凡 徐慧 任玉峰[3] 龙良红[1,3] 纪道斌 周华冕[1] WANG Sifan;XU Hui;REN Yufeng;LONG Lianghong;JI Daobin;ZHOU Huamian(College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic,Yichang 443000,Hubei China;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]湖北三峡职业技术学院,湖北宜昌443000 [3]中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2025年第1期2-17,共16页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52079069,52409096);湖北省自然科学基金(2024AFC010)。

摘　　要：水温是河流生态系统物理、生物和化学过程中的一个关键因素,水库建设和运行会通过改变水体流态进而影响水温时空分布,对河流水生态系统产生深远的影响。本研究利用CiteSpace文献计量分析软件,对近20年来水库水温学术文献进行了梳理,系统归纳总结了水库建设对河道水温的影响。结果显示,在CNKI和WOS数据库中,水库水温研究仍是当前湖库水环境问题研究的热点之一,发文量还在持续增加。从关键词共现图谱来看,中心性最高的关键词分别为“水温结构”和“climate change”;关键词聚类体现出水库建设对河道水温影响的相关研究主要集中在4个方面:水库建设所引起的水温分层特性及下泄低温水问题、河道水温变化所衍生的生态环境影响问题、河道水温改善的分层取水等生态调度问题,以及河道水温相关数值模拟方法等。同时,本文还总结了水库建设对河道水温影响规律,以及水温分层对溶解氧、水体富营养化、鱼类繁殖等衍生生态环境影响。本研究将有助于加深对水库建设如何影响河道水温变化过程的理解。The water temperature is a key factor in the physical,biological,and chemical processes of river ecosystems.The con⁃struction and operation of reservoirs can alter the flow regime of water bodies,thereby affect the spatial and temporal distribution of water temperature,and has profound impacts on river ecosystems.Using the bibliometric analysis method of CiteSpace software,this research reviewed the articles published in the field of reservoir water temperature in the past 20 years,and systematically sum⁃marized the impact of reservoir construction on river water temperature.The results indicate that research on reservoir water temper⁃ature remains a hot topic in the study of reservoir water environments,with an increasing number of publications in both the CNKI release,ecological and environmental impacts arising from river water temperature changes,ecological regulation issues such as stratified water intake to improve river water temperature,and numerical simulation methods related to river water temperature.Ad⁃ditionally,this review summarized the patterns of reservoir construction’s impact on river water temperature,as well as the deriva⁃tive ecological and environmental effects of temperature stratification on dissolved oxygen,water eutrophication,and fish reproduc⁃tion.This study will deepen the understanding of how reservoir construction influences the process of river water temperature changes.

关 键 词：水温 水库建设 文献计量分析 水温分层 低温水下泄 梯级水库 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]