梯级电站开发对水生态环境的影响分析  

Impact of Cascade Hydropower Station Development on Water Ecological Environment

作　　者：李胜华 郭星星 刘古月 林萍 王珂 LI Shenghua;GUO Xingxing;LIU Guyue;LIN Ping;WANG Ke(Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute,Guangzhou 510611,China;Research Center on Pearl River Estuary&Coast Ministry of Water Resources,Guangzhou 510611,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River&Lake,Guangzhou 510611,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广州510611 [2]水利部珠江河口海岸工程技术研究中心,广州510611 [3]广东省河湖生命健康工程技术研究中心,广州510611

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2025年第1期18-24,共7页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202200)。

摘　　要：本研究以北江一级支流武江为例,分析武江干流梯级电站开发对水质和水生态环境的影响。本文采用2022年的生态调查数据,与2008年的历史调查数据进行对比,研究梯级电站开发对河流水生生物和底栖动物的影响;采用2022年的鱼类调查数据,与20世纪80年代的历史调查数据进行对比,分析梯级电站开发对河流中鱼类的影响。结果显示,武江干流梯级电站的开发实施,改变了河道水文情势,但河流水质几乎没有发生变化;改变了水生生物的生境,导致浮游生物密度和生物量均明显下降、底栖动物资源受到破坏、鱼类产卵场功能丧失较严重,鱼类数量明显减少,减少了三分之一的种类。Taking the Wujiang River,a first level tributary of the Beijiang River,as an example,this study analyzed the trend of wa⁃ter quality and aquatic ecological environment changes caused by the development of cascade hydropower stations on the main stream of the Wujiang River.This article compared the ecological survey data of 2022 with the historical survey data of 2008 stud⁃ied the impact of cascade hydropower development on aquatic and benthic organisms in rivers.Using fish survey data of 2022 with historical survey data of the 1980s,the influence of cascade power station development on fish in rivers was analyzed.The results show that the development and implementation of cascade hydropower stations on the main stream of the Wujiang River have changed the hydrological situation of the river,but the water quality of the river has hardly changed.The altered habitat of aquatic organisms resulted in a significant decrease in plankton density and biomass,destruction of benthic animal resources,severe loss of fish spawning grounds,and a significant reduction in fish populations,with one-third of species disappearing.

关 键 词：武江 梯级电站 水质 水生态 影响分析 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]