金沙江下游梯级水库水温分层取水效果评估  

Evaluation of Selective Withdrawal Effects of Cascade Reservoirs’Water Temperature in the Lower Reaches of Jinsha River

作　　者：胡光洋 白凤朋 任玉峰[2] 梁志明 马一鸣 林枭 HU Guangyang;BAI Fengpeng;REN Yufeng;LIANG Zhiming;MA Yiming;LIN Xiao(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,武汉430051 [2]中国长江电力股份有限公司,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2025年第1期52-60,共9页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：中国长江电力股份有限公司科研项目(Z242202002)。

摘　　要：金沙江下游梯级水库的下泄水温对下游水生态保护具有重要意义。为评估金沙江下游梯级水库首次联合运行后分层取水生态调度效果,本文建立溪洛渡水库立面二维水动力水温数学模型,基于2024年白鹤滩和溪洛渡叠梁门实际调度运行方案和两种设计方案,对溪洛渡水库的水温分布、坝前水温结构及下泄水温变化进行定量分析。研究结果表明,实际运行方案中,溪洛渡库区水温变化表现出显著的时空动态特征,叠梁门的应用对底层水温的提升作用显著;在白鹤滩和溪洛渡均实行分层取水的情况下,下泄水温最大可提高1.9℃,对坝前水温结构和库区水温有显著影响;仅靠溪洛渡分层取水时,效果不明显,对下泄水温的提升有限,最大提升仅为0.3℃。研究进一步指出,梯级水库联合分层取水操作更能有效调控下泄水温,优化下游水生态环境。因此,建议未来生态调度应以白鹤滩叠梁门调节为主,溪洛渡调节为辅,优化水库群联合调度策略。本研究为长江上游水库群的生态调度和联合运行管理提供了科学依据和实践参考。The outflow water temperature of the cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River is of great significance for downstream aquatic ecological protection.To evaluate the ecological scheduling effects of the first joint operation of selective withdrawal in the cascade reservoirs of the lower Jinsha River,a two-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic and water temperature mathematical model of the Xiluodu Reservoir was established in this study.Based on the actual 2024 operation scheme of the Bai⁃hetan and Xiluodu stoplog gates and two designed schemes,a quantitative analysis was conducted on the water temperature distribu⁃tion in the Xiluodu Reservoir,the vertical water temperature structure before the dam,and the changes in outflow water tempera⁃ture.The results indicate that,under the actual operation scheme,the water temperature in the Xiluodu Reservoir exhibits signifi⁃cant spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics,and the application of stoplog gates significantly increases the bottom water tempera⁃ture.When both the Baihetan and Xiluodu Reservoirs implemented selective withdrawal,the maximum increase in outflow water temperature can reach 1.9°C,significantly impacting the vertical temperature structure before the dam and the overall reservoir water temperature.However,when only the Xiluodu Reservoir employed selective withdrawal,the effect was not significant,with a maximum increase in outflow water temperature of only 0.3°C.The study further suggests that joint selective withdrawal operations of cascade reservoirs can more effectively regulate outflow water temperatures and optimize the downstream aquatic environment.Therefore,it is recommended that future ecological scheduling prioritize the regulation of the Baihetan’s stoplog gates,with supple⁃mentary adjustments from the Xiluodu’s stoplog gates,to optimize the joint operation strategy of the reservoir group.This study pro⁃vides scientific evidence and practical reference for the ecological scheduling and joint operation managemen

关 键 词：白鹤滩水库 溪洛渡水库 叠梁门 分层取水 水动力水温数学模型 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]